A neuroscience article published online by the UK’s Nature magazine recently stated that the latest experiments by German scientists show that the body’s immune response affects the severity of late-life brain disease through immune memory. This discovery may indicate that scientists will find a new way to relieve neurological diseases.
The innate immune system can retain infection "memory" for months, altering the immune response later. There are two forms of immune memory: first, training to enhance the immune response to resist reinfection; second is toleration, continuous exposure will suppress the immune response. Although it is known that inflammation in the body can stimulate the immune response in the brain, it is still unknown whether immunological memory occurs in the brain's innate immune cells, microglia.
At present, the possibility of modulating the response of microglial cells has caused widespread interest because these cells are related to diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and stroke. In addition, they are extremely "longevity", so even if the regulation is not permanent, it is possible to make permanent modifications to them.
This time, the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dr. Jonas Nell and colleagues, injected lipopolysaccharide into Alzheimer's disease model mice and subsequently found that there was a significant increase in β-amyloid in the mouse brain. The gradual accumulation of β-amyloid in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease.
Experiments have shown that β-amyloid plaques activate microglial cells, which are believed to ingest and treat β-amyloid. After a single injection of lipopolysaccharide, the microglia appeared to have developed a training response. After 6 months, the mice that received the injection accumulated more β-amyloid than those that did not receive the injection. However, after 4 injections, immunological tolerance was produced and β-amyloid protein was reduced.
Similarly, the researchers found that immune tolerance also reduced neuronal damage after stroke. In the attached news and opinion article, scientists at the University of California, San Diego, said that studying these processes may mean finding new ways to alleviate neurological diseases. (Reporter Zhang Mengran)
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