Cooling + rain and snow shelter room warm is the key

Ensure the tightness of the shed and reduce temperature leakage

The front face of the shed is a key area for temperature leakage. Because the front face cover is easily eroded by the moisture on the ground and the overflow of moisture after the shed film is damaged, the cover ages too fast and it is easy to freeze in winter, which makes the front face insulation Sexual decrease. Vegetable farmers usually take measures to add mulch. Most of the mulches used are old straw curtains, non-woven fabrics, etc. When choosing a mulch, the width should be greater than the height of the front face, and the maximum is to keep it on the ground after it is covered 20 cm. Vegetable farmers can use double-layer covering, that is, the inner layer is covered with a film, and then old straw curtains, non-woven fabrics and other coverings are added to the film. The double-layer covering can not only prevent moisture from intruding into the shed surface covering, but also prevent the rapid loss of the front face temperature and ensure the stability of the shed temperature.

When vegetable growers enter the shed, cold wind will be brought in, which instantly reduces the temperature near the entrance, which is not good for vegetable growth. It is recommended that vegetable growers set up a small compartment of 3 to 5 meters at the entrance of the shed to isolate the cold wind. As for the shed that constructs the operation room outside the shed, from operating the outer door to entering the shed, there are three layers of doors or self-made curtains for isolation, and it can be relatively simple when a compartment is arranged inside the entrance. Under the air outlet, due to the daily ventilation needs, the temperature difference of the vegetables under the air outlet often changes greatly. Relatively speaking, the vegetables here are harmed by cold wind, and a windshield film can be installed under the air outlet to buffer the cold wind. At the same time, the insulation quilt or grass thatch is in the process of retracting, or some debris is dropped on the leaves of the plant, which affects the photosynthesis of the leaves, and the windshield can block the debris from falling to the heel of the back wall. .

Film insulation in the shed

For newly planted vegetables, arching and covering can be used for insulation, and arch sheds or old greenhouses are used more. When using a longer arch shed, in order to ensure the heat preservation effect, on the basis of the arch, you can use a film to set up compartments at a certain distance (such as 50 meters), so that the heat preservation effect is better. For vegetables in the fruiting period, when the cold wave comes, heat preservation is very important. Once the measures are not in place, it will affect the differentiation of flower buds and fruit development. In severe cases, freezing damage will occur to varying degrees. During heat preservation, one layer and two films can be added on the steel wire. Of course, the number of film layers can also be set according to actual needs. It is worth noting that when choosing the film, especially the bottom layer of the small arch, when the arch shed is used in the seedling stage, sometimes it will not be uncovered during the day; and the second film on the steel wire cannot be completely uncovered, so a certain degree of fog removal is required. The dripping performance ensures heat preservation while minimizing the impact on light.

Store temperature before the cold wave. Pay attention to the weather forecast in time, and store the room temperature 2~3 days before the cold wave. During the specific operation, in the fine weather before the cold wave, pull the heat preservation quilt or the grass thatch early and night cover, increase the light time, ensure the temperature storage of the wall and the ground, and release it at night. After repeating this for 2 to 3 days, it will be effective Increase the temperature of the shed to buffer the harm of cold waves to the vegetables in the shed.

Use additional measures to warm up

In the past two years, the greenhouse heating block has been loved by vegetable farmers because of its simple use and rapid effect. When using, just put the burning block on the bracket and ignite it. Each block can burn for more than 2.5 hours. After being ignited, there is no or less smoke, which is harmless to the growth of vegetables. On the contrary, it will increase the carbon dioxide in the greenhouse and improve the next day's Photosynthetic efficiency. The burning block produces high heat, burns slowly, and is safe and efficient. Using 6~8 blocks per acre can increase the shed temperature by 4~5℃ in a short time. It is effective if it is ignited once or twice at zero or four o'clock on the day of the cold wave. Reduce the occurrence of vegetable freezing damage. When in use, the burning block should keep a certain safe distance from the vegetables to avoid high temperature burns. Of course, it can also be used to burn solid alcohol or other combustibles to minimize open flames and smoke to ensure the safety of vegetables and people. For seedling farms, seedlings have poor resistance to stress, and winter shed insulation is essential. Large-scale equipment, such as semiconductor electric boilers, carbon fiber heating panels, and air conditioners, are commonly used to heat them in advance to prevent low temperature hazards. For example, when using a numerical control boiler, when the temperature of the nursery shed is lower than 16°C, the numerical control boiler should be started. One boiler is used for heating, using hot water to circulate in the shed, and then using a fan to evenly distribute the heat to all areas in the shed to ensure increased Even temperature. When using, the start and stop temperature should be set in advance, be careful not to ignore the residual temperature, and avoid excessively high temperature in the shed and excessively long seedlings.

Raise ground temperature

Ensuring a suitable ground temperature and using the growth and development of vegetable roots can guarantee the absorption and supply of nutrients to the maximum. The commonly used method is to set up the straw reactor in advance. Specifically, there are two ways to set it up. One is to bury the crushed straw under the planting row, and use the microbial agent to accelerate the decomposing process, which can release a certain amount of heat. ; The other is to directly bury the straw under the planting row without crushing, so the maturity rate is slower. Using a straw reactor of 20 cm can raise the ground temperature by 4~6℃ and the temperature by 2~3℃. Furthermore, choose to use warm fertilizers, which can absorb fertilizers with high utilization rate, and reduce the ground temperature in a small extent during use, which can be said to increase the ground temperature to a certain extent.

Integrated management

Shed room reinforcement. Check the frame of the greenhouse in time. If the steel pipe is corroded seriously or the bamboo pole is aging and broken, it should be repaired in time. The shed with poor snow pressure resistance should be reinforced with columns as soon as possible. The rear roof of the soil-wall solar greenhouse should be covered with a film to prevent the wall from being damaged by the snow water.

Increase light. Before rain and snow, it is necessary to clean the fog and dust on the shed film in time to ensure the transparency of the shed film, clean up old and diseased leaves, increase the scattered light between the plants, and hang a reflective screen on the back wall of the greenhouse, if necessary Use plant growth lights, LED lights, iodine tungsten lights, sodium lights, etc. to fill the light.

Fertilize moderately. Before the cold wave and rain and snow, it is necessary to increase organic fertilizers, such as pig, cow manure and compost and other thermal fertilizers, moderately increase magnesium, zinc, boron and other medium and trace element fertilizers. It is not suitable to apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers, but can be sprayed on the leaves 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 2 to 3 times to improve plant resistance.

Control watering. Watering is strictly prohibited during the low temperature period before the rain and snow weather, so as not to lower the ground temperature and aggravate cold and freezing damage.

Reduce pruning. Avoid infection of plant wounds in low temperature and high humidity environments.

Cold exercise. 1 to 2 days before the cold wave and rain and snow, moderate plant low temperature exercise management, day and night temperature drop about 2 ℃ compared with normal management, help vegetable crops adapt to the low temperature environment in advance, can reduce the fall of flowers and fruits caused by sudden temperature drops, etc. Physiological disorder.

Prevent disease. Before cold waves, rain and snow, choose fine weather to spray the vegetables to prevent the occurrence of diseases. It is advisable to use aerosol and dust methods to control pests and diseases.

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