Release date: 2008-08-01
Developed a long-chain DNA double-helical micro-device. The researchers at the University of Tokyo in Japan have developed a micro-device that can operate long-chain DNA double helix and develop a new method for studying genetic material. Relevant research results were published in the recently published "Chip Lab" magazine.
The medical community has long mastered methods for determining genetic diseases and other genetic pathogens, but has not made significant progress in the manual manipulation of DNA double helix structures. The reason is that a DNA double helix with a length of several micrometers to several centimeters and a diameter of only 2 nanometers has a ring structure, and genetically encoded information is hidden therein. To solve the above problems, the researchers used enzymes to break down DNA into fragments. However, this method has not been successful because it may lead to the continuity of genes and the loss of important data.
Although the DNA double helix is ​​very brittle and will accidentally break, the researchers used the optical "trap method" to successfully stretch the DNA at the beginning of this century, but this method is only suitable for small molecules. On the basis of the above methods, Japanese scientists used a laser to hang the DNA double helix on a micro-suspended buckle, and then wrapped it on two micro-reels, and successfully developed a method for operating long-chain DNA.
Researchers believe that when DNA molecules are unfolded, it is easier to determine the genes that need to be studied in three dimensions. It is also easy to read information from the DNA double helix in this state, just like looking at photos on a film.
The specific technical process is: after the electric winding machine is built, the DNA double helix is ​​stretched, each of which does not exceed 2 micrometers in length, and the rotation of the micro device and the DNA double helix is ​​monitored using a highly sensitive camera and a fluorescence spectrometer; The specially created micro shackle is fixed into the letter "Z" shape with a laser clamp; then the "Z" type micro sling is connected to the next DNA double helix. Since the terminal of the micro-buckle is an arrow-shaped structure, the DNA double helix is ​​not easy to break, and the researchers can rotate the DNA double helix in any direction. Next, the DNA double helix is ​​wound and wound on the micro reel by a laser beam. In this way, the DNA double helix can be rotated in any direction along with the micro reel.
Previous studies have found that DNA double helix breaks generally occur in situations where the force acting on it ranges from 100 micronewtons to 300 micronewtons. In this system, the external force does not exceed 25 picons.
The researchers said that the device can operate a DNA molecule of up to a million base pairs in length, and because of the complete mechanical approach, no chemical transformation of the double helix of the DNA under investigation is required. ——Shanghai Medical Device Industry Association
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