Compared with the culture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Penaeus vannamei, etc., there is less investment in seedlings, the purchase price is stable, and the risk of breeding is small. The scale of prawn culture is continuously expanding and the degree of intensification is increasing. However, the situation of close-breeding of green prawn is increasing. Severe, this brings problems to the production: First, precocious shrimp growth is slow, nutrition accumulation to gonadal development, commodity shrimp size is too small, the market price is low, a direct impact on economic efficiency; Second, precocious green shrimp The large-scale breeding of juvenile shrimp has increased the density of shrimp culture in ponds. Broilers and crayfish compete for food, compete for oxygen, and compete for space. As a result, shrimps do not go through the specifications and commodity prices are greatly reduced, which affects the aquaculture production. How to increase the aquaculture production, product specifications and economic benefits of shrimp is a common concern for every shrimp farmer. Therefore, new breeding models and breeding techniques must be explored in order to achieve high quality, high yield, and high efficiency. Based on the past experience of farming, combined with the actual production, the author focuses on the introduction of new technologies for the ecologically efficient breeding of shrimp ponds for your reference.
First, create a good pond ecological environment
1. Aquaculture water requires sufficient water, fresh water and no pollution. The dissolved oxygen content is greater than 5mg/L. The dissolved oxygen content of the bottom layer should be greater than 3mg/L and the pH is 7.5 to 8.0.
2. The condition area of ​​the pond is 2 mu to 5 mu, the water depth is 1.2m~1.8m; the bottom of the pond is flat and the slope is 1:2~2.5; each pond is equipped with 1 to 2 aerators with power of 1kW~1.5kW. The inlet is filtered with a 80 mesh bag to prevent wild fish and fertilized eggs from entering the shrimp pond.
3. Clear pond disinfection of shrimp seedlings before stocking 7 days to 10 days, with 75kg/mu ~ 100kg/mu lime seed Quanchiposa, to kill pathogens and enemy pests.
4. Add water and fertilize the quicklime disinfection After 2 days to 3 days, add 50cm to 60cm of water to the pond and apply fermented organic fertilizer 150kg/mu to 200kg/mu to cultivate the natural basic food organisms in the pool water.
5. Set up aquatic plants and concealed materials After the shrimp ponds are added with water, the grasses are planted immediately. The plants are mainly composed of phytoplankton, with a small amount of aggregating grass, with a spacing of 1m to 2m. The aquagrass is planted in the deep water and the plants are planted in shallow water. About 30% of the water surface. The role of aquatic weeds includes the ability to inhabit green shrimps, shells, and shelters; photosynthesis can increase dissolved oxygen in pool water; purify water and prevent water quality from deteriorating. The practice of production in various regions shows that ponds with more aquatic plants tend to hold eggs late and have large specifications. In addition, some tea twigs, bamboo shoots, etc. can be placed in shallow ponds of shrimp ponds, and meshes can be laid on conditional conditions to implement three-dimensional farming, which can increase the habitat of fresh shrimps, further increase the utilization rate of water bodies, and effectively increase yields. Improve the specifications of commercial shrimp.
Second, buy high quality shrimp and scientific restocking
1. Shrimp should be purchased from the original (good) breeding grounds of shrimps. For shrimps that have been reared in different places or in the original (good) breeding fields, as long as the stocking density of the shrimps in the nursery ponds is moderate, they are generally controlled within the range of 800,000/mu to 1 million/mu. neat. Choosing cultured shrimp as a parent breeds shrimp. Because of inbreeding, the harmful genes of the shrimp continue to be homozygous, resulting in worse and worse seed quality, more and more sexual maturity, and increasingly smaller commodity shrimp sizes.
2. Properly postponed the seedling time. The shrimp larvae that were stocked from May to June, after 2 months to 3 months of feeding, were mostly sexually mature. From August to September, a large number of sub-generation shrimps will be produced. If the stocking time is postponed until mid-July, due to sudden changes in the living environment of the shrimp, the autumn cropping phenomenon can be controlled to a certain extent.
3. Adjust the stocking density and implement arresting and rearing. The sooner or later of sexual maturity in penaeid shrimp is closely related to the stocking density, and the greater the stocking density, the earlier the sexual maturity. Reasonable stocking densities can not only ensure that the shrimps get higher yields, but also allow most of the shrimps to postpone their eggs and accelerate their growth to reach larger specifications. The specific stocking density should be determined according to the farming pattern: the ponds should be cultured with fresh shrimp, and the stocking size should be 60,000 to 80,000/mu of shrimp with a body length of 1.5cm to 2.0cm; polyculture with conventional fish, stocking The specifications are shrimps of 1.5 to 2.0 cm in length and 15,000 to 20 thousand tails/mu. Spring shrimp species, stocking density should not be too large, the general stocking specifications for the 1200 / kg ~ 1600 / kg of shrimp species 8kg / mu ~ 10kg / mu, to ensure that May to June to develop the market. In addition, measures should be taken after the establishment of catches and rearing, catching and keeping small, and the green shrimps that meet the specifications should be brought on the market in time to reduce the amount of shrimp in the pond and promote the growth of the shrimp.
Third, high-quality feed properly feed fresh shrimp requires high-quality, fresh, granular palatability, larvae require the feed of crude protein content of 35% to 40%, in the middle and late (body length 4cm above) feeding shrimp material Its crude protein content reaches 30% to 32%. Feeding should follow the "Four Sets" principle, and the specific feeding amount should be adjusted flexibly according to weather, water temperature, water quality changes, and feeding conditions.
Fourth, maintain a good water quality environment Green shrimp intolerant of low dissolved oxygen, its oxygen consumption and suffocation point are higher than the main freshwater cultured fish. In the absence of oxygen in the fish pond, the shrimp always dies first and first than the fish. Therefore, regulating the water quality is the key to the success or failure of the shrimp culture and the quality of the shrimp. The water quality of the cultured shrimp must be “fat, live, tender, and cool. ".
1. Mechanical Oxygenation Due to the large number of freshwater shrimps and their high density, it is necessary to ensure that the shrimp ponds have sufficient dissolved oxygen content. From July to September, every day from 16:00 in the evening to 7:00 in the morning, aerators should be activated; during hot days or rainy days, oxygen should be turned on during the day; especially in the autumn, shrimps should be stocked when they are stocked. In high temperature season, the catching and seedlings are usually carried out at low temperatures in the morning, but this time is the time for the lack of oxygen in the pond water. If oxygenation measures are not taken in advance for the ponds that stocked the shrimps, they may easily cause the death of the shrimps. .
2. Frequently adding new water or applying microbial preparations Ponds often inject fresh water, which is the most effective measure to improve the water environment of the shrimp culture and maintain good water quality. In places where the water source is convenient and the water quality is good, adding new water can increase the dissolved oxygen, nutrient salts and trace elements in the pool water, dilute the concentration of metabolites and toxic substances, and prevent pool water aging. In shrimp ponds that lack water or water inconvenience, beneficial microorganisms such as photosynthetic bacteria, EM crude, and Bacillus should be applied to improve and regulate water quality.
3. Appropriate top-dressing top dressing In general, decomposed organic fertilizers and fertilizers such as urea and superphosphate should be used to cultivate plankton in the pool water, keeping the water color yellow-green or brown, and the transparency of the pool water is controlled at 25cm to 30cm.
4. Regular sprinkling of quicklime is generally sprinkled every 15 days to 20 days with 15g/m3 of lime water, which can both adjust the pH and play a role in bactericidal calcium supplementation.
5. Properly rearing fingerlings to control over-expansion of freshwater shrimp During the cultivation of freshwater prawn, in order to maintain a reasonable breeding density in shrimp ponds and increase the commodity rate of freshwater prawn, when larvae grow to a certain amount, they may be appropriate. Nesting some species of fish not only maintains the biological diversity of the water, but also controls the overproduction of green shrimp in the pond. The fish breeding time is controlled at the end of August and the beginning of September. The main nesting species are white peony, Xiangyun squid, squid, stingray and other fish species, so that a large number of plankton in the fish ingestion pond and before the metamorphosis of the green prawn The scorpion larvae, thus controlling the number of shrimp species. The number of fishery stocks should not be excessive, and the general stocking density is about 100 fish/mu.
Methods to control the precocity and quantity of penaeid shrimp include: 1 Improved stocking mode, and many farmers are mainly relying on brooding shrimps for self-cultivation, self-breeding, and self-supporting. This model is extensive, although the cost of seedlings is low. , Convenient and practical, but it is difficult to control the breeding density, the specifications of listed fresh shrimp are uneven, and the yield and benefits are not high. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt extensive farming as intensive culture, and to change and release the oysters for stocking and raising the quality of shrimps and raising them. Shrimp is a technical measure such as raising two shrimps; from the second to the beginning of September, when the larvae appear in the shrimp ponds, the method of increasing the water exchange rate or using 20 kg/ha of calcined pulp to splash the whole pond can quickly increase the pH of the pool water. , so that the prawns and zoea that have not yet metamorphosed die due to unbearable water quality factor mutations.
Six, to strengthen the prevention of shrimp disease can control the occurrence of disease adhere to the "prevention, health management," the principle. In addition to the disinfection of clear ponds, selection of high-quality shrimp, reasonable stocking and feeding, the prevention work can also be carried out on a regular basis using quicklime, dibromohydantoin, and quaternary ammonium salt for disinfection of water bodies. Compared with white shrimps, river crabs, and fish, South American shrimps have much fewer diseases. The main diseases are black shank disease, red body disease, and soft shell disease. They should be prescribed according to different diseases and treated in time.
The molecular structure of carotene is equivalent to 2 molecules of vitamin A. After entering the body, it passes through enzyme action in liver and small intestinal mucosa, of which 50% becomes vitamin A, which has the effect of reinforcing liver and improving eyesight and can treat night blindness.As a kind of "filling material" in the intestinal tract, it can strengthen the intestinal peristalsis, thereby benefiting the diaphragm and preventing cancer.So the carrot is a germplasm crisp taste, rich nutrition of vegetables, known as "little ginseng", by the way, we also provide potatoes, carrots, cabbage, red star apple, fresh red Fuji, crown pear fresh fruit, fresh sweet pears, fresh broccoli, eggplant, fresh new potatoes, Garlic, garlic, Ginger, welcome to order.
First, create a good pond ecological environment
1. Aquaculture water requires sufficient water, fresh water and no pollution. The dissolved oxygen content is greater than 5mg/L. The dissolved oxygen content of the bottom layer should be greater than 3mg/L and the pH is 7.5 to 8.0.
2. The condition area of ​​the pond is 2 mu to 5 mu, the water depth is 1.2m~1.8m; the bottom of the pond is flat and the slope is 1:2~2.5; each pond is equipped with 1 to 2 aerators with power of 1kW~1.5kW. The inlet is filtered with a 80 mesh bag to prevent wild fish and fertilized eggs from entering the shrimp pond.
3. Clear pond disinfection of shrimp seedlings before stocking 7 days to 10 days, with 75kg/mu ~ 100kg/mu lime seed Quanchiposa, to kill pathogens and enemy pests.
4. Add water and fertilize the quicklime disinfection After 2 days to 3 days, add 50cm to 60cm of water to the pond and apply fermented organic fertilizer 150kg/mu to 200kg/mu to cultivate the natural basic food organisms in the pool water.
5. Set up aquatic plants and concealed materials After the shrimp ponds are added with water, the grasses are planted immediately. The plants are mainly composed of phytoplankton, with a small amount of aggregating grass, with a spacing of 1m to 2m. The aquagrass is planted in the deep water and the plants are planted in shallow water. About 30% of the water surface. The role of aquatic weeds includes the ability to inhabit green shrimps, shells, and shelters; photosynthesis can increase dissolved oxygen in pool water; purify water and prevent water quality from deteriorating. The practice of production in various regions shows that ponds with more aquatic plants tend to hold eggs late and have large specifications. In addition, some tea twigs, bamboo shoots, etc. can be placed in shallow ponds of shrimp ponds, and meshes can be laid on conditional conditions to implement three-dimensional farming, which can increase the habitat of fresh shrimps, further increase the utilization rate of water bodies, and effectively increase yields. Improve the specifications of commercial shrimp.
Second, buy high quality shrimp and scientific restocking
1. Shrimp should be purchased from the original (good) breeding grounds of shrimps. For shrimps that have been reared in different places or in the original (good) breeding fields, as long as the stocking density of the shrimps in the nursery ponds is moderate, they are generally controlled within the range of 800,000/mu to 1 million/mu. neat. Choosing cultured shrimp as a parent breeds shrimp. Because of inbreeding, the harmful genes of the shrimp continue to be homozygous, resulting in worse and worse seed quality, more and more sexual maturity, and increasingly smaller commodity shrimp sizes.
2. Properly postponed the seedling time. The shrimp larvae that were stocked from May to June, after 2 months to 3 months of feeding, were mostly sexually mature. From August to September, a large number of sub-generation shrimps will be produced. If the stocking time is postponed until mid-July, due to sudden changes in the living environment of the shrimp, the autumn cropping phenomenon can be controlled to a certain extent.
3. Adjust the stocking density and implement arresting and rearing. The sooner or later of sexual maturity in penaeid shrimp is closely related to the stocking density, and the greater the stocking density, the earlier the sexual maturity. Reasonable stocking densities can not only ensure that the shrimps get higher yields, but also allow most of the shrimps to postpone their eggs and accelerate their growth to reach larger specifications. The specific stocking density should be determined according to the farming pattern: the ponds should be cultured with fresh shrimp, and the stocking size should be 60,000 to 80,000/mu of shrimp with a body length of 1.5cm to 2.0cm; polyculture with conventional fish, stocking The specifications are shrimps of 1.5 to 2.0 cm in length and 15,000 to 20 thousand tails/mu. Spring shrimp species, stocking density should not be too large, the general stocking specifications for the 1200 / kg ~ 1600 / kg of shrimp species 8kg / mu ~ 10kg / mu, to ensure that May to June to develop the market. In addition, measures should be taken after the establishment of catches and rearing, catching and keeping small, and the green shrimps that meet the specifications should be brought on the market in time to reduce the amount of shrimp in the pond and promote the growth of the shrimp.
Third, high-quality feed properly feed fresh shrimp requires high-quality, fresh, granular palatability, larvae require the feed of crude protein content of 35% to 40%, in the middle and late (body length 4cm above) feeding shrimp material Its crude protein content reaches 30% to 32%. Feeding should follow the "Four Sets" principle, and the specific feeding amount should be adjusted flexibly according to weather, water temperature, water quality changes, and feeding conditions.
Fourth, maintain a good water quality environment Green shrimp intolerant of low dissolved oxygen, its oxygen consumption and suffocation point are higher than the main freshwater cultured fish. In the absence of oxygen in the fish pond, the shrimp always dies first and first than the fish. Therefore, regulating the water quality is the key to the success or failure of the shrimp culture and the quality of the shrimp. The water quality of the cultured shrimp must be “fat, live, tender, and cool. ".
1. Mechanical Oxygenation Due to the large number of freshwater shrimps and their high density, it is necessary to ensure that the shrimp ponds have sufficient dissolved oxygen content. From July to September, every day from 16:00 in the evening to 7:00 in the morning, aerators should be activated; during hot days or rainy days, oxygen should be turned on during the day; especially in the autumn, shrimps should be stocked when they are stocked. In high temperature season, the catching and seedlings are usually carried out at low temperatures in the morning, but this time is the time for the lack of oxygen in the pond water. If oxygenation measures are not taken in advance for the ponds that stocked the shrimps, they may easily cause the death of the shrimps. .
2. Frequently adding new water or applying microbial preparations Ponds often inject fresh water, which is the most effective measure to improve the water environment of the shrimp culture and maintain good water quality. In places where the water source is convenient and the water quality is good, adding new water can increase the dissolved oxygen, nutrient salts and trace elements in the pool water, dilute the concentration of metabolites and toxic substances, and prevent pool water aging. In shrimp ponds that lack water or water inconvenience, beneficial microorganisms such as photosynthetic bacteria, EM crude, and Bacillus should be applied to improve and regulate water quality.
3. Appropriate top-dressing top dressing In general, decomposed organic fertilizers and fertilizers such as urea and superphosphate should be used to cultivate plankton in the pool water, keeping the water color yellow-green or brown, and the transparency of the pool water is controlled at 25cm to 30cm.
4. Regular sprinkling of quicklime is generally sprinkled every 15 days to 20 days with 15g/m3 of lime water, which can both adjust the pH and play a role in bactericidal calcium supplementation.
5. Properly rearing fingerlings to control over-expansion of freshwater shrimp During the cultivation of freshwater prawn, in order to maintain a reasonable breeding density in shrimp ponds and increase the commodity rate of freshwater prawn, when larvae grow to a certain amount, they may be appropriate. Nesting some species of fish not only maintains the biological diversity of the water, but also controls the overproduction of green shrimp in the pond. The fish breeding time is controlled at the end of August and the beginning of September. The main nesting species are white peony, Xiangyun squid, squid, stingray and other fish species, so that a large number of plankton in the fish ingestion pond and before the metamorphosis of the green prawn The scorpion larvae, thus controlling the number of shrimp species. The number of fishery stocks should not be excessive, and the general stocking density is about 100 fish/mu.
Methods to control the precocity and quantity of penaeid shrimp include: 1 Improved stocking mode, and many farmers are mainly relying on brooding shrimps for self-cultivation, self-breeding, and self-supporting. This model is extensive, although the cost of seedlings is low. , Convenient and practical, but it is difficult to control the breeding density, the specifications of listed fresh shrimp are uneven, and the yield and benefits are not high. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt extensive farming as intensive culture, and to change and release the oysters for stocking and raising the quality of shrimps and raising them. Shrimp is a technical measure such as raising two shrimps; from the second to the beginning of September, when the larvae appear in the shrimp ponds, the method of increasing the water exchange rate or using 20 kg/ha of calcined pulp to splash the whole pond can quickly increase the pH of the pool water. , so that the prawns and zoea that have not yet metamorphosed die due to unbearable water quality factor mutations.
Six, to strengthen the prevention of shrimp disease can control the occurrence of disease adhere to the "prevention, health management," the principle. In addition to the disinfection of clear ponds, selection of high-quality shrimp, reasonable stocking and feeding, the prevention work can also be carried out on a regular basis using quicklime, dibromohydantoin, and quaternary ammonium salt for disinfection of water bodies. Compared with white shrimps, river crabs, and fish, South American shrimps have much fewer diseases. The main diseases are black shank disease, red body disease, and soft shell disease. They should be prescribed according to different diseases and treated in time.
The molecular structure of carotene is equivalent to 2 molecules of vitamin A. After entering the body, it passes through enzyme action in liver and small intestinal mucosa, of which 50% becomes vitamin A, which has the effect of reinforcing liver and improving eyesight and can treat night blindness.As a kind of "filling material" in the intestinal tract, it can strengthen the intestinal peristalsis, thereby benefiting the diaphragm and preventing cancer.So the carrot is a germplasm crisp taste, rich nutrition of vegetables, known as "little ginseng", by the way, we also provide potatoes, carrots, cabbage, red star apple, fresh red Fuji, crown pear fresh fruit, fresh sweet pears, fresh broccoli, eggplant, fresh new potatoes, Garlic, garlic, Ginger, welcome to order.
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