With the rapid development of the poultry industry, large groups of intensive rearing continue to increase. At the same time, due to the short production period of poultry, the large degree of commercialization, frequent exchanges between regions and countries, the spread of various diseases has become more complicated. A higher and stricter requirement has been put forward for the health and epidemic prevention of poultry breeding. How to use disinfectants for effective disinfection is an important part of sanitation and epidemic prevention.
Use disinfectants to eliminate pathogens in the growing environment of poultry (breeding equipment, poultry houses, incubators, transportation vehicles and surrounding environment), cut off various ways of transmitting pathogens, prevent diseases, and ensure survival and normal healthy growth and reproduction of poultry. It is of great significance and practical value.
The ideal disinfectant should have: good performance in killing pathogens, not affected by water quality and organic matter, rapid action, low cost per unit of disinfectant, water-soluble, safe to humans and animals, easy to purchase, metal , wood, plastic products, etc. are not damaged; nature is stable, there is no annoying and lasting odor. No residue.
However, as far as the current disinfectants are concerned, none of them are perfectly satisfactory, but as long as they are applied properly, the disinfection effect is also very satisfactory. At present, there are many kinds of disinfectants, and the common disinfectants are as follows:
1. Sodium hydroxide. This product is very strong killing, often used for viral infections (such as Newcastle disease, etc.) and bacterial infections (such as cholera, etc.) disinfection. This product is used for the disinfection of poultry houses, appliances and transportation vehicles, but care must be taken that high alkali concentration can cause burns to tissues and damage to metal products, textiles, and paintwork. A 2% sodium hydroxide solution can be used to disinfect the environment contaminated by viruses and bacteria.
2. Lime. This product is a cheap and easy to get good disinfectant, with hydroxide ions play a bactericidal effect, calcium ions can also work with the bacterial protoplasm to form protein calcium, so that protein denaturation. In poultry farms, it is used only for small, wet areas that do not reach the sun. It is also used to disinfect drains and excreta, as well as to paint walls. Quicklime is corrosive and should be protected from contact with poultry before it is completely dry.
3. Potassium permanganate (grey manganese oxide). This product is a strong oxidant, in the event of organic oxidation. Can be sterilized, but also anti-corrosion deodorant. For skin and mucous membranes. Using 0.1% potassium permanganate solution can kill most of the reproductive bacteria, 2% to 5% solution can kill spores within 24 hours. This product has enhanced bactericidal power in acidic solution, such as containing 1% hydrochloric acid, 1% potassium permanganate solution can kill spores within 30 seconds. In addition, the oxidation performance of potassium permanganate often accelerates the evaporation of formalin and acts as an air sterilizer.
4. Bleach. Its active ingredient is calcium hypochlorite, its bactericidal effect is related to the pH in the environment, the strongest bactericidal force in the acidic environment; the weak bactericidal power in the alkaline environment. In addition, it is also related to the presence of temperature and organic matter. When the temperature rises, the bactericidal power increases. When there is an organic matter in the environment, it will weaken its bactericidal power. This product can be used in drinking water, poultry houses, appliances, vehicles and excrement, etc. disinfection. Add 6 to 10 grams of powder to 1 ton of water to fully dissolve, mix well, drink after 30 minutes; 1% to 3% of solution can be used to disinfect the feed tank, drinking trough and other non-metallic utensils; 10% to 20% of emulsion can be used Sterilization of poultry houses and excreta is carried out. The dry powder and feces are uniformly mixed in a 1:5 ratio to allow fecal disinfection.
5. Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (Excellent chlorine net). This product has a wide range of bactericidal effect, and has a strong killing effect on cell propagules, viruses, fungal spores and bacterial spores. It can be used for the disinfection of water and food processing equipment containers and tableware. Use the aqueous solution of this product and disinfect it by spraying, soaking, wiping and other methods. The dosage is as follows: 0.5% to 1% concentration is used to kill bacteria and virus, and 5% to 10% concentration is used to kill bacterial spores.
6. Iodine attachment. Iodine is a product of the complexation of iodine with surfactants, and surfactants as carriers increase the solubility of iodine. This product has a hydrophilic, lipophilic duality, more durable bactericidal effect. A solution containing 50 mg of iodine can kill various bacteria in 10 minutes and is suitable for environmental disinfection. A solution with an iodine content of 150 mg kills spores and viruses. (1) Spray disinfection: Suitable for disinfection of poultry houses and poultry. The liquid medicine is diluted 20 times with water and 3-9 ml per square meter. (2) Scrub soak disinfection: It is suitable for disinfection of indoor utensils, incubators, surgical instruments, eggs, etc. Diluted 10 to 20 times the liquid, do not rinse with water after washing and disinfection, soaking eggs for a few seconds to achieve the purpose of disinfection. (3) Drinking Water Disinfection: In the case of intestinal infectious diseases in poultry, add 15 to 20 ml of liquid medicine per liter of drinking water and drink for 3 to 5 days.
7. Benzalkonium bromide. This product has two functions of sterilization and decontamination, strong penetration, as a commonly used disinfection antiseptic, used for hand washing before surgery, skin disinfection, mucous membrane disinfection and instrument disinfection, can also be used for disinfection of poultry equipment, eggs. This product is 0.05% ~ 0.1% aqueous solution used to wash hands before surgery; 0.1% aqueous solution used for egg shell spray disinfection and soaking disinfection of eggs, this time requires a solution temperature of 40 to 43 degrees, soaking time does not exceed 3 minutes; 0.1% The aqueous solution is also used for disinfection of skin and mucous membranes and soaking of surgical instruments; 0.15 to 2% of the solution of benzalkonium bromide can be used for space disinfection and spray disinfection in poultry houses.
8. 100 poison kills. This product has a strong bactericidal power. Can be used for drinking water disinfection, with poultry disinfection, egg and incubator disinfection, meat and dairy machinery utensils disinfection, feed utensils and internal and external environment disinfection. But pay attention to the use of dose: This product is used according to the prescribed dose of non-toxic, non-irritating to humans and animals, but the dose is too large, the concentration is too high, its toxicity is greater, should be used strictly in accordance with the prescribed dose to avoid poisoning.
9. Formaldehyde. This product is a broad-spectrum disinfectant, 0.25% to 0.5% formaldehyde solution can kill bacteria, spores and viruses in 6 to 12 hours. Mainly used in poultry houses and warehouses. Incubation room disinfection, disinfection of equipment, specimens and corpses, can also be used for chicks, eggs disinfection. Formalin usually contains 40% formaldehyde, not less than 36%; 2% formalin (0.8% formaldehyde) is used for instrument sterilization; 10% formalin (4% formaldehyde) is used to fix anatomical specimens and Save vaccines, serums, etc.
Fumigation: Each cubic meter of space needs formalin 15 to 30 ml, add the same amount of water, and then heat to evaporate; or add potassium permanganate (proportional 2:1) to oxidize and evaporate. After the disinfection is completed, open the doors and windows for ventilation. In order to eliminate the irritating odor of formaldehyde, concentrated aqueous ammonia can be used, with 2 to 5 ml per cubic meter of heat to evaporate, making it non-irritating hexamethenamine. Formaldehyde fumigation must have high temperature and relative humidity. Generally indoor temperature should not be less than 20 degrees, and relative humidity should be 60% to 80%.
Egg fumigation: 14 ml of formalin, 7 g of potassium permanganate, and 7 ml of water per cubic meter of volume. Disinfect the eggs in the hatching machine (do not fumigate the eggs for 12 hours of incubation). Place the potassium permanganate in a glass dish and place it in a fumigation place. Add formalin and immediately close the hatching door and stomata. After 20 minutes of fumigation, the residual gas was discharged. In order to ensure the disinfection effect, the surface of the object to be disinfected must be thoroughly scrubbed and dust-removed with a detergent to remove dirt and organic substances before using the disinfectant for disinfection.
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