Reasonable application of organic fertilizer guarantees quality vegetable production
Organic fertilizers are rich in the nutrients needed for crop growth, and energy sources continuously provide crop growth. It plays an important role in improving soil structure, enhancing soil fertility, increasing soil biological activity, and purifying the soil environment. Rational application of organic fertilizers is the key to ensuring the production of high-quality vegetables, but over-application can cause nutrient loss and environmental pollution, which is detrimental to crop growth.
â—†Become thoroughly decomposed and then use unfermented manure or compost contains a large number of germs, easily causing crop root diseases. In the production of facilities, most farmers prefer to use chicken manure as the preferred organic fertilizer. However, after the unfamed chicken manure is applied to the soil and fermented and decomposed under the action of soil microorganisms, a layer of white hair is formed on the soil surface, and organic acids and heat generated often burn roots. Second, chicken manure will emit ammonia, methane, and other gases. If the facility fails to release the air in time, it will cause smoked seedlings.
â—†Organic-inorganic reasonable collocation between organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers, as well as organic fertilizer varieties, can give full play to the advantages of slow and effective combination of fertilizers. Although organic fertilizer has a relatively complete nutrient content, but its content is low, and its fertilizer efficiency is slow, it can supplement each other with a quick-release chemical fertilizer to provide sufficient nutrient supply for the whole growing period of the crop, but it will not produce insufficient nutrient supply at the early stage or post-fertilization. phenomenon.
â—†Appropriate amount of organic fertilizer Newly-grown, over-sanded, over-adhesive, and saline-alkaline-adjusted vegetable fields can use crude organic fertilizer, and the recommended amount of mu is 8-10 squares; new vegetable fields less than 5 years old, can be used for 5-7 mu. Manure or compost; over 5 years of old vegetable fields can be Mushi 3-5 square compost, or 3 manure with 2 straw.
Prevention of secondary salinization in facility soil
The special nature of the facility structure, high multiple cropping index, and excessive fertilization for many years are the main causes of secondary salinization of soil. The secondary soil salinization facility has a soil plate, which is not easy to cultivate. After setting the seedlings, the seedlings are slow, the rate of dead seedlings is high, and the development is delayed and susceptible to disease. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the quality of soil in facilities and maintain the sustainable use of soil.
â— Choose suitable facilities for the accumulation of salt in vegetables. Choose suitable crops with good salt tolerance, such as asparagus, broccoli, eggplant, melons, etc. to ease the impact of salt damage on crops and reduce economic losses. . After the soil salinity has returned to normal levels, it is possible to grow salt-tolerant crops such as strawberries, carrots, beans, and onions.
◠If the production method of the facility is to use ridges and ridges, planting should be concentrated on both sides of the ridge to the low salt area. If Gaoping is used, the crop should be planted in the low-salt area of ​​the “two shoulders†of Gaoping.
â— The mulch covers the excess moisture and condenses on the mulch to form water droplets. To a certain extent, the topsoil (0-5 cm) of salt is washed, which is very favorable for crop emergence.
â—Salt soil improver Choose the saline soil improver with better improvement effect in the market, such as: Ji Kang, Kang Di Bao, Sung Sang, Da Duo Dou, etc., according to the product instructions.
â— Biological desalinization During the summer relaxation period (from the end of June to early September), a row of corn (12 kg/mu seed) is planted without any fertilizer during the period. During the rainy season in summer, the shed film was uncovered and natural rain was used to wash the soil in the shed. After the corn grows to 1.5 meters or 40 days, the corn seedlings are crushed and returned to the field with a four-wheel rotary cultivator. The salt absorption can be reduced by 30%-80% through corn absorption and rain showers. If the summer leisure period is short, you can plant a fast-growing small dish, such as cherry radish, pak choi, and so on. Also, during this period, no fertilizer is applied. The remaining nutrients in the upper pod can be used to achieve the effect of reducing salt.
Water and fertilizer integration save water and fertilizers and save labor
The water and fertilizer integration technology is to combine soluble fertilizer and irrigation water to infiltrate the root development and growth area of ​​the crop evenly, regularly and quantitatively through the pipeline system, so that the root soil always maintains the appropriate water content and nutrient content, so as to save water, save fertilizer, and save water. The effect of work can effectively increase the utilization rate of fertilizer and water and labor productivity, and reduce the groundwater pollution caused by excessive irrigation and fertilization.
Fertilizer recommended formula and dosage. Application of drip irrigation, micro-irrigation and other micro-irrigation equipment, fertilization should use full water-soluble fertilizer. For fruits and melons, it is recommended to use NPK fertilizer (19-8-27) as a formula for water-soluble fertilizer. Each fruit will be topped with 4-5 kg/mu in the fruit setting period, and top dressing will be top dressing 7-8 times. For leafy vegetables, it is recommended to use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (22-8-22) formula water-soluble fertilizer, 3-4 kg/mu for each top dressing and 2-3 times for the whole growing period.
â– When laying drip irrigation pipes (belts) and micro spray belts, place the water outlet upwards to prevent impurities in the water from clogging the water outlet holes. After the installation is completed, a small amount of fresh water must be poured to check whether the water outlet is blocked and if it is blocked and treated.
â– Ensure that the outlet of the drip irrigation is not clogged. After it is used normally, if it is to be laid, the plastic film must be compacted and compacted so that no space is created between the plastic film and the drip irrigation belt to prevent sunlight from passing through the focused droplets formed in the space. .
■The fertilization time is selected in the second half of the irrigation process, ie, firstly drip water—dripping fertilizer—and then dropping a small amount of clean water (the last purpose of dripping water is to rinse the drip irrigation pipe to prevent chemical substances from accumulating and blocking the dripper).
â– When the drip irrigation equipment is used 3-5 times (including watering and fertilizing), the filter must be carefully cleaned; after the irrigation period is over, the tail of the drip irrigation tube (band) is opened, and the equipment is thoroughly rinsed with clean water to remove impurities. Such as rushed out, cleaned and placed in a cool, dark, dry place, ready for the next use; equipment, such as rupture, leakage and other issues, timely maintenance and replacement.
Sling-type fertilization to supplement carbon dioxide in greenhouses
Due to the low outside temperature in winter, the facilities are often closed, and carbon dioxide in the shelter cannot be replenished promptly. After sunrise, the photosynthesis of vegetables is gradually accelerating, and the carbon dioxide concentration in the shed drops sharply. The optimum concentration of carbon dioxide for vegetable crops is generally 600-800 ppm. Therefore, artificial supplemental carbon dioxide is needed.
Suspension method The suspended snorkel carbon dioxide generator and accelerator are hung on the skeleton in greenhouses and greenhouses, arranged in a zigzag pattern and hung at a distance of 50 cm above the crop growth point.
The use of leafy vegetables, generally in the Dingmiao, after planting can be suspended hanging seedlings, strong seedlings effect is significant; fruit vegetables, flowering fruit should not be applied before settling, so as not to cause excessive growth caused by excessive growth and prolonged flowering fruit. The optimal period of carbon dioxide fertilization during flowering and fruit set-up until fruit enlargement period (tomatoes were applied when the fruit of one ear was just expanded, and cucumber was applied during the expansion of root melon).
An average of 20 bags of mu per mu (20-25 bags per mu for tomatoes and cucumbers, 15-20 bags per mu for strawberries). It is advisable to use the end of the harvest and keep it in the middle. Once disconnected, crop growth suddenly slows and yields decrease.
Precautions
When ventilation is required during the use of the strapping carbon dioxide gas fertilizer, it is best to vent the ventilation vents, not to open the vents, and to prevent the spillage of carbon dioxide, affecting the results.
The humidity inside the plastic greenhouse is relatively high. Affected by humidity, there will be more water vapor in the hanging bag, and some of the accumulated water or the wet state is normal and does not affect the use.
When pollinating insects such as bees, do not place the beehive directly under the sling.
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