Can melamine induce tumors? The Beijing Municipal Bureau of Health organized experts to compile “An Overall Questions and Answers†​​for 25 questions about the “problem milk powder†incident, and answered questions one by one on related issues that are of general concern to the general public.
Q: What are the clinical symptoms that infant formula may cause after urinary stone formation?
A: The clinical manifestations are: (a) crying for unknown reasons, especially when urinating, may be associated with vomiting; (b) gross or microscopic hematuria; (c) acute obstructive renal failure, manifested as oliguria or anuria; ( 4) Urinary stones can be excreted. For example, a baby boy's stone obstructs the urethra and can show dysuria and difficulty urinating. (5) It can have high blood pressure, edema, and percussion pain in the kidney area.
Q: Is there a latency period in urinary stones?
A: At present, the vast majority of children under the age of no more than one year old, taking Sanlu infant milk powder for several months, and the milk powder problem has not been defined, so the current incubation period is unknown.
Q: Can melamine in milk powder cause what kind of stones are formed in the body?
A: Melamine and its salts formed in the body are slightly soluble in water and are mainly excreted in the body through the kidneys. Since it is slightly soluble in water during excretion, it is easily precipitated in the urethra and renal tubules, resulting in stones. The characteristics of the physical properties are relatively loose and can be crushed in a pinch.
Q: Why do infants who drink milk with problems need to drink plenty of water?
A: Parents should be highly vigilant in infants and young children who have indeed been fed formula milk powder.
First of all, stop taking this brand of milk powder.
Secondly, because of the contaminated problem, the stones caused by powdered milk are loose or fine sand-like. For children whose stones are not very large (less than 4mm) and without symptoms of urinary tract obstruction, generally do not need special treatment. Drink plenty of water after returning home. , more urinating, usually two or three days, up to two or three weeks, the possibility of stones discharged from their own, there is no need for special treatment.
Q: After the child eats melamine-containing milk powder, will stones be in the vas deferens?
A: Melamine is mainly excreted in the body through the kidneys. The target organs in vivo are the urinary system. This time, infant formulas contaminated with melamine were found. The health hazards caused by infants and young children after eating are also the stones of the urinary system.
The so-called urinary system mainly refers to the ureter, bladder, urethra instead of the vas deferens. The vas deferens is not a part of the urinary system and belongs to the reproductive system. Therefore, the stones caused by melamine may only be in the urinary system and will not run into the vas deferens of the reproductive system.
Q: Will children with kidney stones have sequelae?
A: Asymptomatic or mild symptoms of infants and young children have a better prognosis, because the characteristics of stones are loose or sediment-like, for children with kidney stones, in principle, surgical treatment is not recommended, but to adopt conservative medical therapy, the stone diameter is smaller than At 4 mm, stones can be drained by giving infants more water and diligent urination. The treatment is safe, ensuring no complications and sequelae.
If the stone is too large to discharge on its own, comprehensive treatment can be used to excrete stones.
Once the child has acute renal failure, the child can also be recovered after timely and scientific treatment.
If the child passes the standard treatment, it is determined through ultrasound imaging that the stones in the body have been discharged, the blood biochemical tests have normal renal function, and no melamine is found in the urine, which will not cause permanent damage to the child.
Q: What is the health impact of adult consumption of powdered milk?
A: Melamine-containing milk powder has a low risk of adult health. Adults have a high tolerance for melamine and are not as sensitive to melamine as infants and young children. Infants and young children use milk powder as the main source of food. Adults do not use milk powder as the main source of food. Therefore, adults are less likely to be affected.
Q: Is melamine in liquid milk harmful to humans?
A: If milk powder and liquid milk produced from raw milk containing the same proportion of melamine are used, the melamine will be concentrated and the melamine content will be high due to the fact that the milk powder is removed and converted to dry powder. While more than 90% of liquid milk is water, its melamine is not concentrated, so the content of melamine in liquid milk is relatively low.
Q: Will melamine induce tumors?
A: Melamine is a low-toxic chemical raw material. The results of animal experiments show that it is rapidly metabolized in animals and does not remain in the body. There is no genotoxicity, and it is mainly the formation of stones that affect the urinary system. Until now, no evidence of tumor induction has been found in humans.
Q: Which hospitals can treat infants with powdered infant formula?
A: The Ministry of Health requires that the medical institutions that undertake the diagnosis and screening of children should be gynecological secondary or above general hospitals, children's hospitals, and municipal-level Maternal and Child Health Hospitals. The medical institutions undertaking the diagnostic screening work should do a good job in the diagnosis and screening of children and ensure that children have timely and effective medical treatment.
Considering that there are more people eating this powdered milk in urban and rural areas, counties, and townships (villages), particularly in remote rural areas, the Ministry of Health has proposed that the customs move forward, and the center of gravity should move downwards, requiring the medical workers to go deep into remote areas and enter the village. As far as possible to find the patients to the maximum extent, centralized to the medical institutions above the county for centralized treatment.
The Ministry of Health requires that the county hospitals mainly undertake the diagnosis and screening of children, and the children in need of treatment should be referred to local hospitals with certain pediatric and urological strengths. Severe and difficult-to-treat children must be admitted to the upgraded designated hospitals.
Q: How can a baby with powdered milk get a free treatment?
A: The state has established a free medical treatment policy, among which: First, free treatment is provided for children, free screening is conducted for infants and children who eat melamine-containing milk powder, and free treatment is provided for children who are diagnosed with urinary tract stones after screening. Fees need to be paid in advance by the admitting medical institutions to ensure that children have timely diagnosis and treatment. Second, advances by medical institutions are indeed difficult and may be advanced by the same level of finance.
Medical institutions must not refuse to have children diagnosed and ensure that all children receive timely, effective, and standardized treatment.
Q: Are the medical institutions around the country having the same diagnosis and treatment plan for children with powdered milk?
A: After some incidents occurred in infants and young children in China due to the consumption of contaminated Sanlu infant formula milk powder, the Ministry of Health immediately established a team of expert medical experts who are members of domestic authoritative experts to assist local medical institutions to carry out medical treatment. Each provincial health administrative department has established an expert group for diagnosis and treatment to guide the medical treatment of various medical institutions within its jurisdiction.
At the same time, the Ministry of Health has organized the "Diagnostic Procedures for Infants and Young Children with Urinary System Stones Associated with Consumption of Contaminated Sanlu Infant Formula Milk Powder," and the "Ultrasonic Procedure for Urinary System Calculi in Infants with Melamine-Containing Milk Powder", all over the country. All will be seriously implemented to carry out the screening, definitive diagnosis and treatment of children and ensure that the diagnosis and treatment work is in an orderly manner.
Q: Where can the public get advice on powdered milk?
A: In order to answer the questions of consumers regarding the “Sanlu infant milk powder incident†health consultation and medical treatment of children, the Ministry of Health decided to use the Beijing Public Health Public Service Phone 010-12320 as a national public service hotline.
At the same time, other provinces that have opened 12320 phones also carry out related consulting work.
In addition, the Ministry of Health will organize experts to conduct dialogues and consultations on public concerns on the Internet.
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