(1) Preserving Miao Miao Quan, Miao Qi, and Miao Zhuang are the basis for the high yield of paddy rice. It is the key to the success or failure of paddy rice droughts whether it can achieve full seedlings. The top soil of rice shoots is weak, and the soil preparation and the quality of sowing are poor. The hazards of underground pests are likely to cause the lack of plants and broken ridges. Rice dry-cultivated varieties require rice varieties with strong top soil capacity, drought tolerance, and rapid growth after irrigation. Drought and soil preparation and more use of dry and whole land, requiring land formation, soil fine uniform, at the end of the foot, no pull. In the dry land preparation, there is a certain requirement for soil moisture. The suitable cultivating water is 40% to 45% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field, too dry and too wet is not suitable for farming, and the flatness is poor. The sowing quality includes the quality of seed treatment before sowing, appropriate sowing date, soil moisture content, sowing depth, soil covering and repression quality. Standardized seed treatment can enhance seed vigor, increase germination rate and germination potential, and prevent rice blast and bakanae disease. Seed treatment includes drying seeds, seed selection, seed soaking, germination and the like, and the method of operation is similar to conventional paddy rice cultivation. Branches and awns are seeded. Branches and awns must be removed after drying to prevent blockage of the orifice during mechanical sowing. Seed germination when mechanical sowing only need to be exposed to white broken chest, otherwise it is easy to hurt buds. In terms of sowing time, first, according to the harvest period of the previous crop, crops with winter crops (rapeseed, wheat, etc.) should be sown early; second, according to the characteristics of the variety's growth period and late-tolerance, the general japonica rice is better than japonica rice. Early sowing; In addition, in the low-lying fields, spring sowing in winter and field, but also taking into account the soil temperature, in order to facilitate the emergence of seedlings, Qi Qimiao and improve the effectiveness of chemical herbicides and shorten the drought as long as possible, so that the period of childbirth The local rainy season coincides. When sowing is required, the table must be well-grounded and the bottom should be enough to ensure smooth emergence and to meet the requirements for soil moisture during the seedling period. In general, the relative humidity of the soil is required to be about 70% of the relative humidity, that is, it is held in groups and scattered. If there is no rain and lack of moisture before and after sowing, appropriate measures for fleas should be taken according to different soil types to meet the water requirement for emergence. In general, if there is insufficient public opinion, after the sowing, it is necessary to pour well the "headwater" so that the soil will be solid and the seeds will be rooted and sprouted. Mengtou water should adopt furrow irrigation, soaking the surface can be. The seeding depth requires “deep but not deep, shallow seedâ€, if the seeding is too deep or the soil is overly thick, the rice seedlings will be bent in the underground and the top soil strength will be weakened, which will easily lead to lack of seedlings and ridges; It will also cause dry buds, with difficulty in emergence or emergence. After sowing, the cover should be uniform and tight. Repression is an important operation for dry rice seedlings. Repression can crush and flatten the soil and make the sowing layer elastic and consistent so as to ensure that the seeding depth is uniform and the seed is in close contact with the soil and early seedlings are established. According to the experience of dry farming in Beijing, clay and clay loams were ploughed in autumn and winter, and the soil blocks were frozen and thawed overnight. The texture was loosened, and the soil was reclaimed in early spring so that the soil layer was soilless and suitable for sowing. Repression after sowing is also conducive to spreading herbicides evenly and improving efficacy. The wheat (oil) and paddy rice dry-field plots are generally relatively fertile, and the soil moisture is high, and there are many underground pests such as cockroaches, cockroaches, and wireworms. The use of carbofuran, chlorine emulsifiers, phoxim and other agents for seed dressing has a good control effect.
(2) Early seeding of dead rice seedlings, on the basis of guaranteeing whole seedlings, prevention of dead seedlings. Because dry rice seedlings encounter salt, build-up, soil thinness, waterlogging, and drought during the long dry period, dead seedlings often appear. The main prevention measures are: First, do not use heavy saline-alkali land, dry farming land, and transplanting fields to plant slicing, and do not use water and drought to plant flowers to avoid returning to alkali-killed seedlings. Second, before the site preparation, increase the application of organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer to plowing. Into the soil, to promote the deep rooting of rice, improve drought resistance; Third, when sowing, Ammonium sulphate as a seed fertilizer, to promote seedling growth and robust; Fourth, rice seedlings before the fourth full leaf grow, not easy to water, so as not to reduce tolerance early ability. In addition, if the paddy rice seedlings are too irritated, the root system of drought and drought cannot adapt to the aquatic environment, and it is easy to cause dead seedlings. Therefore, irrigation and water conservation should not be too early or too deep, and at the same time, we must grasp the principle of “light water in the head and tight waterâ€. After a few days of moistening, the shallow water layer is preserved, so that the rice root gradually adapts to the new environment. The topdressing is performed simultaneously with irrigation to promote the growth of rice seedlings.
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