Although the Liuzhou area is rainy in spring, there is also a tradition of planting peppers in spring dew. The peppers grown during this period can catch the sales gaps in other regions where the peppers are not yet mature, and earn a certain profit. The following is a summary of the comprehensive technology of pepper cultivation management in the spring in the region based on years of production practice.
1 Treatment of seedling cultivation medium
1.1 seedbed and nursery tray disinfection treatment
1.1.1 seedbed disinfection
Spraying 50% methyl thiophanate WP 1000 times solution for 1 to 2 times can prevent most pathogenic fungi and bacteria.
1.1.2 Plug disinfection
If the seedling substrate is used for seedling raising, use the soapy water to clean the dirt on the recycled trays, soak it in water with 1% to 2% sodium hypochlorite (commercially available 84 disinfectant) for 30 minutes, then rinse clean, dry to avoid exposure, and then avoid exposure. Choose to store in a clean, cool, dry place to avoid 2 infections.
1.2 Continuous soil disinfection
1.2.1 Physical disinfection
Solar hot soil disinfection method. In the summer or early autumn high temperature season, the residual strain, straw 2kg/m 2 , quicklime 50kg/667m2 and unbleached animal waste 350kg/667m 2 are thoroughly mixed with the soil, and the water is applied to cover the film for 25-30 days. The effective temperature of the disinfection method is above 45 ° C, which can kill most of the bacteria and pests remaining in the soil. This method can also fertilize and improve the soil, laying the foundation for income increase.
1.2.2 disinfection of medicaments
Use methyl thiophanate 1000 times solution or 50% carbendazim 500 times solution plus 50% dexamethasone 500 times solution to dilute the syrup in a ratio of 1:1, 40 to 60 kg / 667 m2, and spray all the fields.
2 nursery management and colonization
2.1 nursery management
In winter and spring, low temperature and rainy days, the water management problem of facility nursery (including small arch shed) is the key to controlling seedling dead seedlings. The growers are worried about freezing the seedlings in the sky, and often do not dare to open the shed for a few days, causing the humidity in the shed to be too large, providing sufficient conditions for the disease. Therefore, it is recommended that regardless of the weather, look for the opportunity to open the shed to reduce the humidity and release the "fog" accumulated in the shed.
By selecting the ventilation time, the length of the ventilation time and the size of the vent to balance the contradiction between ventilation and heat preservation, the watering spray should also be implemented in combination with ventilation. The growers should pay close attention to the weather changes, understand the weather forecast, and implement the corresponding production measures.
2.1.1 Spraying and watering
Spray: Choose a sunny day with a high temperature of 10: 00 ~ 11: 00, depending on the weather. When spraying, the shed is opened and the small arch shed is opened at both ends for ventilation.
Watering: The greenhouse continues to open at both ends, and the small arch sheds are all open. After the leaves are dry, they can be combined with spraying to prevent pests and diseases. Can spray 50% phorhin WP 1500 times solution, or 50% keiling 1500 times solution, or 58% metalaxyl Mn-Zn WP 500 times solution, or 50% carbendazim 500 times solution plus 50 % Daisen zinc 500 times liquid 1: 1:1 focus on disease prevention. After drying the water on the blade, it is sealed. This operation can avoid the occurrence of diseases, and the spraying humidity is high, forming a vicious circle with more severe diseases.
2.1.2 Ventilation management
Depending on the weather conditions, the ventilation time and length of time and the size of the vents are determined. The temperature is lower, you can choose noon time, the length is 30 ~ 40min; the temperature is higher, you can choose 10: 00 ~ 11: 00 to open the shed, the length can be extended to the afternoon, before 16: 00 to close the shed, save heat. On cold and rainy days, the ventilation time can reach 1h. The shed is opened, and the small arch shed is open at two ends. The small arch shed should not be built too long. Otherwise, the seedlings in the middle of the shed should be affected. The recommended length is no more than 6m. Cold and dry wind, small ventilation, vents should be small, the sheds open part of the side shed, but both sides of the east and west must be opened to convection; small arch sheds open at both ends but do not need to open all, hang some shed film down, duration 30 ~ 40min.
2.2 colonization
2.2.1 Refining
Refining was carried out 14 days before planting. In the early spring, depending on the weather, gradually increase the amount of ventilation and cool down the seedlings. 3 to 4 days before local planting, the small arch shed is fully open, and the shed side shed and both ends are opened to create a smelt similar to the open climatic conditions.
2.2.2 Drug colonization
Water is immersed 2d before planting. Spray 1d16: 00 before planting, and colonize after 2d16: 00. Spray 58% metalaxyl Mn-Zn wettable powder 800 times solution, or 50% carbendazim 500 times plus 50% Daisen zinc 500 times solution 1 : 1, prevent epidemics.
2.2.3 Colonization
Chilli bogey for continuous cropping, to choose the front 茬 is the vegetable garden of leafy vegetables, with onion and garlic vegetable land as the best. In Huanjiang Village, because only spring chillies are planted, it can be rotated, but there are still residual bacteria in the soil, so it is recommended to disinfect the soil.
Apply enough base fertilizer until the entire harvest season before the Dragon Boat Festival does not require top dressing. Each 667m 2 ditch is fertilized with organic fertilizer 2500 ~ 3000kg, 15 : 15 : 15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 50 ~ 60kg, covered with plastic film, planted enough root water after planting, can not be watered due to the neglect of the fixed amount of water.
3 Disease prevention
3.1 Disease types
3.1.1 fungal diseases
Fungal diseases have the following two characteristics: there are lesions in a certain part of the plant, white powder, mildew embroidered powder, downy mildew, white peony, spots, anthrax, deformity, ulcer, decay, decay, and round shape. , oval, polygonal, wheel-shaped, etc.; there are different colors of mildew on the lesions, the color is white, black, red, gray, brown and so on. For example, cucumber powdery mildew, white spots appear on the lesions on the leaves. The fungus itself has no chlorophyll, and the hyphae are used as vegetative bodies to absorb nutrients from the green plants and complete the cycle of their parasitic life. There are also fungi camps that have either saprophytic life or both saprophytic and parasitic behaviors. Fungi are propagated by spores. From the taxonomic point of view, fungi can be divided into four major categories: oomycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and deuteromycetes. The oomycete diseases include various diseases such as downy mildew, phytophthora, and stagnation; the ascomycetes have diseases such as gramineous cereals, vegetables and other plants such as powdery mildew; basidiomycetes have plant rust and black. Most diseases such as pink disease are highly specialized; semi-known bacteria include rice blast, cowpea root rot, bean blight and leaf spot disease of various crops.
3.1.2 bacterial diseases
Bacteria grow and multiply after being invaded by wounds, cracks and leaf margins on the surface of vegetable plants. Vegetable plants that suffer from this disease may develop symptoms such as rot, spots, withered, ulcers, and deformities. The lesions of necrosis are mostly horn-like, and the leaf spots are water-stained at the beginning. The symptoms of rot have a stench, and the diseased part often has yellow pus. The symptoms of wilting cause dryness, and the stems are transected to reveal bacterial pus. The difference between vegetable bacterial diseases and other diseases is that there is no obvious appendage (such as hyphae, mildew, hair, powder, etc.) in the diseased parts of vegetable plants; secondly, there are often bacterial pus in the lesions at the end of the disease.
3.1.3 Viral diseases
Caused by a virus. Symptoms: The plants are atrophied, the leaves and fruits are small, the roots are weakened; the leaves and mottled symptoms appear on the leaves, and the browning and necrosis of the tissues are finely guided; the ring yellow garland pattern appears on the tissues, and the veins become translucent in water stains; Significant browning and necrosis bands appeared, and the shape of the fruit and leaves became deformed; the fern leaves, the leaves and leaves deformed, the mesophyll was incomplete, the symmetry was lost on both sides of the midrib, and even the veins were free of mesophyll; the stems lost their normal alignment and accompanied There are symptoms such as dwarf, yellowing and browning.
3.2 Pepper disease prevention and control
The disease is a fungal disease. The spring is warm and rainy, which is easy to cause the epidemic of pepper disease. Especially the base of the stem is the most likely to occur, but the yield is reduced, but the weight is lost. The 30 days after planting is the key period for the prevention and treatment of the disease. In the rainy season, the disease occurs, the spray is rainy, the humidity is high, and the drug efficacy is not good, resulting in a vicious cycle in which the more the drug is sick. The weather forecast should be closely monitored, and the spraying control should be carried out 24 hours before the rain, which can play a protective role, and the effect is better than that after the rain. At the same time, the growers should always pay attention to the signs of disease occurrence and prevent it. In the early stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim 500 times plus 50% sensitized zinc 500 times solution, 70% metalaxyl manganese zinc or 70% ethylphosphonium aluminum manganese zinc 500 times solution, 25% treasant 600 times +85% Phosphorus aluminum 500 times solution, 64% antivirus 矾 500 times + 85% ethyl phosphorus aluminum 500 times solution sprayed on the root neck. The above liquids should be used alternately, spray once every 5 to 7 days, for 2 to 3 times in a row, which can play a protective and preventive role.
4 harvesting
The harvest of pepper is not only a fruit harvest, but also an effective stimulation measure. Plant growth and development can be adjusted using different harvesting periods. Plants that grow thinner can harvest green fruit early, while plants that grow vigorously and even have a long tendency can delay harvesting and control stem and leaf growth, but the pepper should be picked as early as possible.
The above is the whole content of the cultivation technology of the spring dew pepper. You can see if you can learn from it, especially the vegetable farmers in the rainy areas of the south!
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