Extremely early-maturing and high-yielding type of bitter gourd, with prosperous plants, strong branching ability, cylindrical shape of melon, straight and beautiful appearance, green melon, melanoma in melon surface, smooth tumor, 28-32 melons Cm, diameter 7-9 cm, single melon weight 400-600 grams. The meat is crisp, cool and bitter. With good heat resistance and strong disease resistance, it is suitable for planting in high temperature and rainy areas in the Yangtze River basin. Spring sowing from sowing to the beginning of harvest for 75 days, the whole growth period of 240-260 days, the case of good management yields about 4500 kilograms per acre.
Second, germination
The balsam pear is native to the tropics and the seed germination requires higher temperatures. Most varieties require germination above 25 degrees. Here are two methods for germination: First, soaking seed germination, the first step to soak in 35 degrees insulation only 1-2 hours. The second step is to wash with clean water, air dry the seeds surface moisture, wrapped with dry gauze, outsourcing plastic bags, placed in 25-28 degrees germination, washed with warm water the next day, and then dried the surface moisture, gauze wrapped. The third step has been singled out and the black bud hyphae washed with warm water continued to germinate. Germination can be used thermostats, electric blankets, a small amount can carry, night sleep with people, with human body temperature germination. The second is the dry seed germination, direct germination without soaking, seedling germination stronger than soaking. More cold-resistant, anti-seedling disease. The first step is to use a culture vessel or shallow flat bottom plate, spread the upper 5-8 layers of tissue paper, put a layer of bitter gourd seeds, and put the warm water on the tissue paper until the paper is wet and not drip. Cover with wet gauze or other cotton cloth, coat plastic film bag placed at 25-28 degrees place germination, check once a day, the third step with the soaking germination method
Third, the election, site preparation
The root system of bitter gourd is more developed. It is better to choose the kind of bitter gourd with deep soil. The deeper the soil layer, the longer the bitter gourd. The soil is best in loam, followed by clay, and sand is the worst. The balsam pear should not be used as a continuum, and land that has not been planted in recent years should be selected or grafted and cultivated in winter. Bitter gourd has a long growth period, high yield, and a large amount of fertilizer. Therefore, in combination with site preparation, base fertilizer should be applied. General 667m2 should be applied quality rotten farmyard fertilizer 4000-5000kg, ternary compound fertilizer 50kg. Shiji Fei should adopt the combination of ground general application and open-ditch centralized fertilization. Normally 2/3 of the fertilizer is used as universal fertilizer, and 1/3 is used as furrow or hole. Pushgi fertilizers are ploughed and planted. Usually, they are planted in a single row in a straight row (bamboo frame), with a vertical height of 2.5-3m; a box width of 2.8-3m (including the ditch), with a width of 2.6m and a box height of 20- 30cm, 2 rows per car. If flat shelves are used, the width of the car is 3-4m (including the ditch), and each car is planted in 2 rows.
Fourth, sowing colonization
The south can be planted in the spring, summer, and autumn seasons. The sowing should be carried out before the beginning of spring and the ground heating line should be used for warming. The summer planting should use the shade net. The countdown period of 110 days from the initial frost period is the latest sowing date for autumn sowing. The final sowing date can be determined according to local climatic conditions. Sowing in spring and summer in open fields in the north, and sowing in the south of Beijing on June 20th.
Single colonization is generally used with a plant spacing of 1-1.5 m (planting 320-480 plants per acre); if grafting is used, the plant spacing is 2--3 m (160-240 plants per acre). The planting distance between the flats was 1.5--2m (240-320 plants per acre); the distance between grafted plants was 2-2.5m (190-240 plants per acre).
V. Mid-term management
After colonization and survival, seedlings were planted to promote root development. After the cultivating, the soil layer can be loosened, the ground temperature can be raised, the development of the root system can be promoted, and the weed growth can be controlled. No cultivator will be carried out after the field is erected, but care should be taken to remove field weeds in time. When the bitter gourd seedling height 40cm began to climb, it should be timely scaffolding, cited vines on the shelf, the type of lead vine, or spiral lead vine. The bitter gourd has a weak climbing ability, and it is still necessary to tie the vine when the vine is on the shelf. Generally, 40cm in length is tied for the first time, and once every 4-6 knots in the future. Tied vines should be carried out after 9:00am in order to prevent broken vines. With the help of vines, pruning can be carried out. During the middle and later stages of development, the yellow leaves and some lush lateral vines in the lower part of the plant should be removed to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, and to reduce pests and diseases.
VI. Pest Control and Harvesting
The bitter gourd is mainly eaten with tender melon, and the harvest is generally suitable after 12-15 days after flowering. If harvesting is too early, the bitterness is strong and the yield is low; if the harvesting is too late, the fruit turns old and turns yellow, the meat becomes soft, and it is not resistant to storage and transportation. The results should be diligent during the peak period, generally 2-3 days picking once.
The main diseases of this variety include downy mildew, powdery mildew, and gray mold. The main pests are: small tigers, earthworms, melon flies, melons, melons, etc., should use the appropriate low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides.
Although bitter taste tastes bitter, but its unique taste is still loved by people, so bitter gourd as a common vegetable has a certain amount of planting value.
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