How to plant Chinese herbal medicine Atractylodes? The medicinal value of Atractylodes is very good, it can strengthen the spleen and stomach, and benefit the Qi, and the fetus. The following small series will bring you an analysis of the prospects of Chinese herbal medicine Baizhu market and large-scale planting techniques.
1 breed habits
Atractylodes sinensis is a perennial herb of Asteraceae. The main components of medicinal rhizomes are volatile oil, atractyl alcohol and atractyl alcohol. Taste bitter, sweet, warm; with Buzhong Yiqi, Jianwei and spleen, dampness and dampness, anti-fetal antiperspirant effect. Indications of spleen and stomach qi deficiency, less food fullness, vomiting and diarrhea, fetal movement, pregnancy edema and other symptoms. The height of Atractylodes chinensis is 30~60cm, and the rhizome hypertrophy is fist-like or frog-legged, and the outer skin is grayish yellow. Stems erect, upper branches, base lignified. The flower head is born at the branch; the flower is mostly tubular and the corolla is purple. Achenes, oblong-elliptic, slightly flat, pubescent. Flowering period from September to October, fruiting period from October to November.
Wild Atractylodes has few resources and is distributed in the warm temperate and subtropical regions of eastern China. Cultivation of Atractylodes should be cultivated in cool, semi-humid areas, well-drained hills and mountains. Atractylodes cold tolerance, seedlings can withstand short-term frost, can withstand low temperatures around -10 °C in winter; in the summer, in case of heavy rain, high temperature and rainy weather, easy to die. The main producing area of ​​Atractylodes is Zhejiang Province, followed by Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hebei, Chongqing, Anhui and other provinces. It is cultivated all over the country. Atractylodes has poor soil requirements, but it grows well on loose, well-drained sand. Acidic yellow red soil or slightly alkaline sandy loam soil can be cultivated, and soil that is too sticky or sandy is not suitable for cultivation. Avoid continuous cropping, the rotation period should be more than 5 years. The predecessor is preferably grass or potato. The annual atractylodes in North China can meet commodity standards. The south is like Zhejiang, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and other places for 1~2 years.
2 historical market price trend
Atractylodes is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine commonly used in China. Formerly known as "surgery", including Atractylodes. "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" listed it as a top grade. Originally one of the specialties of Zhejiang Province, “Zheba Flavorâ€, it is now cultivated in all provinces of the country. There are too few wild resources to form commodities.
According to the data, in the 1950s, the average annual output of Atractylodes was about 2 million kilograms. In 1957, the country produced only 5 million kilograms, and the color was poor. Until the 1970s, the annual output reached 10.7 million kilograms. After several years of high production, the inventory was too large. In the early 1980s, the old production areas with low yields and poor quality were shut down, the planting area was small, and the output gradually declined. In 1983, the annual output was around 2 million kilograms. The low output stimulated the high price, and the price increased every year. In 1985, the price of Atractylodes reached 18 yuan/kg, and the growers developed blindly. In the following years, the inventory of Atractylodes was backlogged, and the final price fell. In the early 1990s, the output was high, reaching 700~900kg, and the price fell again. In 1994, the national inventory was 1.26 million kilograms. In 1995, the price rose to 40 yuan/kg. In the following years, the price dropped from 40 yuan/kg to 25 yuan/kg, 18 yuan/kg, 12 yuan/kg, and 9 yuan/kg. In the following years, due to the smuggling of goods, the price fluctuated slightly, causing a profitable illusion for the growers. In 1997, the annual output increased again. Until 2003, the market was not exhausted, and the price was around RMB 10/kg. However, after the SARS period, the price of Atractylodes rose to RMB 25/kg, and then the price fell again. In March 2008, the price of Atractylodes was 60 yuan/kg, and the yield per mu of 300kg per mu was over 10,000 yuan, which led to an increase in production in the future. The market demand in 2010 was not strong after the new production, and the price of Zhejiang Baizhu was down by 20 yuan/kg. The price of the drug market is 11~12 yuan/kg.
Subsequently, there were new varieties of improved Atractylodes in the market, which were larger than traditional varieties, high in yield and good in quality. They were favored by the market and gradually became the mainstream of commodities. In 2016, due to the decrease in production, growers were limited by seedlings, and the investment in mu was large and the development was weak. In 2017, the price increase was obvious. The price of atractylodes in Hebei increased from 8~10 yuan/kg to 15~20 yuan/kg. The price of Zhejiang white surgery rose from 19~25 yuan/kg to 30~34 yuan/kg. It is expected that the market will remain optimistic next year.
According to the multi-year price data tracking analysis of relevant experts, the Atractylodes market changes every few years, and basically has formed a pattern.
3 Atractylodes foreground analysis
Atractylodes is a commonly used bulk medicinal material in the Chinese herbal medicine market. It has been sold to the market for many years and is an irreplaceable medicinal material, occupying a unique position. Domestic sales are large and are still exported year round. Improved atractylodes is an excellent variety selected in recent years. Compared with traditional real estate albino, it has the characteristics of rapid growth, large size, high yield and strong adaptability. After planting experiments in Guizhou, Zhejiang, Yunnan, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Guangxi and other provinces, the results showed that the seed production in the second year could reach 300-350kg, and the yield increase effect was obvious. The market recognized and the sales were good. Improved atractylodes has replaced traditional varieties, and the yield per mu is high, which is very popular among medicine farmers. The planting yield in the northeast is low, and the winter will freeze to death. Some people have tried to cover the corn stalks during the winter, which can ensure the safe wintering of Atractylodes, and grow well in the second year. This method can be adopted for reference. The southern provinces use the modified Atractylodes chinensis seeds produced in the north. The Atractylodes chinensis has high yield and good quality and is suitable for large-scale planting.
In 2016, the price of fresh products was 8~8.5 yuan/kg, and then rose to 9~10 yuan/kg. In the early winter of 2017, Atractylodes sinensis seedlings were new and popular. Merchants from Henan and Anhui provinces went to the main producing areas near Hebei Anguo to plant goods, transplanted and planted, with smooth movements, mechanical harvest during the day, loading and unloading at night, and large market sales. .
There are several reasons for the prosperity of the Atractylodes market. First, the market is out of stock. It is reported that the real estate areas such as Anhui are affected by the rainy weather. The number of seedlings and dead seedlings is reduced, resulting in a decline in yield per mu. In some places, the yield is reduced, and the finished products are more small. Second, Atractylodes is a large-scale variety. The annual demand is in the order of 10,000 tons. The supply is in short supply, which will naturally lead to a firm price, which will attract more attention and be optimistic about the market outlook. Third, the southern medicine farmers have long-term vision development strategy, grasp the market, actively prepare for the battle, and make the improved Baizhu seedlings in the Hebei market popular. Most of them are exported to the south, the demand is increasing, and the supply of seedlings is getting less and less. It is also rising in strength, and the merchants go directly to the fields, watch the harvest, and then directly load the car.
Looking back at the spring of 2017, the price of Atractylodes seeds is several hundred yuan per kilogram, and the investment cost of acre is thousands of yuan. However, some of the drug farmers who have not been able to block the confidence have not been able to block the high return of high investment.
4 mechanized atractylodes cultivation
4.1 At present, agriculture has entered the era of mechanization, making planting production more convenient, time-saving and labor-saving.
4.1.1 Seed treatment
Before the sowing, choose fresh, shiny and full-fledged Atractylodes macrocephala seeds. Because the north is cold, there are fewer pests and diseases of Atractylodes macrocephala. Many savvy southern medicine farmers transferred a large number of northern Atractylodes macrocephala seeds to the south in spring and autumn. After planting in the south, the seedlings are strong, the disease resistance is strong, and the yield is obviously improved.
4.1.2 Site preparation and land preparation
Atractylodes can be planted in general soil. It is advisable to choose fertile soil, which is suitable for sandy or semi-sand soil.
4.1.3 Fertilization and land
1 000 kg of manure per fertilizer and 50 kg of NPK fertilizer. Use spread, spread the fertilizer evenly on the ground, use a large machine or small tractor to deepen the land more than 20cm, so that the fertilizer and soil are thoroughly mixed, then leveling and thinning, making a 1.5m wide raft, smooth, smooth drainage . Turning the ground can promote the weathering of the soil. The activities of beneficial microorganisms can increase the storage and release of soil nutrients. Through the land preparation, the bacteria and eggs hidden in the soil can be exposed to the sun to kill, and it is beneficial to seed germination and roots. extend.
4.1.4 Sowing
Atractylodes can be propagated by seed propagation, or it can be transplanted. The production area is mainly live broadcast, and the seeding is carried out in the late March to early April. Mixing the seed and Chinese herbal medicine heavy sputum before planting, and then sowing, can increase the yield, enhance the disease resistance of the seed, and reduce the pests and diseases (the use of heavy sputum can increase the dosage according to the serious disease area of ​​the rickets). According to the line spacing 21~24cm, the shallow ditch is 2cm deep, and the soil is covered after sowing. Use a special planter for Chinese herbal medicines, adjust the width and depth for trenching, sowing, covering soil, compaction, and complete in one time. The seed is 5~6kg. It can also be planted with large Chinese herbal medicine sowing machinery, and the depth and width (ie line spacing) can be adjusted, and the tractor can drive it, which is suitable for planting a large area of ​​more than 100 mu. After planting water, the land can be wet without watering. Mechanical seeding is simpler and less time-consuming than manual.
4.1.5 Seedling transplanting
The method of whitening seedlings and live broadcast is the same. Appropriately increase the amount of seed used per mu. Seeds need 10~12kg per acre, and cultivate 1 mu of seedlings, which can plant 8~10 mu of field. Planting is carried out in mid-late November or in the spring of the following year. Ditch according to the line spacing of 25~27cm, transplanted according to the plant spacing of 8~10cm, then cover the soil and compact it to cover the top bud. It can be used in a special cultivation machine for Chinese herbal medicines with high efficiency. 100 to 150 kg of seedlings per acre.
4.1.6 Spraying pesticides
The most critical step after the cultivation of medicinal herbs is weeding. Many of the reasons for poor management are not high-speed weeding. After sowing and watering, the ground cover can be sprayed with a small amount of pendimethalin, which can effectively prevent annual grass weeds and some broad-leaved weeds in the white field, which will reduce the trouble for later weeding. Spraying pesticides can be carried out by mechanical spraying (tractor or large machinery). Now there are drones (small aircraft) that spray pesticides and can spray 1 mu of land per minute.
4.2 Field Management
4.2.1 Intercropping seedlings
Nursery land, transplanted seedlings, live seedlings, Atractylodes should not be thin, seedling height 5~6cm, one seedling can be used, not crowded. If the seedlings are lacking, they should be replanted in time.
4.2.2 cultivating and weeding
After the emergence of Atractylodes macrocephala, it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed it in time to promote the extension of the root system, which is conducive to the growth of the seedlings. Chinese herbal medicine weeding machine can be used to loosen soil and weeding to reduce labor costs (and also labor saving). It has been proved by a large number of experiments that when the Atractylodes macrocephala seedlings are 10cm high, a special herbicide for atractylodes can be sprayed to remove most weeds. How to use the herbicide: Before spraying the herbicide, rinse the watering can, nozzle and nozzle 2~3 times, then dilute the two small bags in one bag with a small basin, then pour into the watering can with half a pot of water, then fill the water 15kg. It can spray half acre of land, which is the second dilution method. After the seedling height is 10cm, the spray is selected in the evening when there is no wind in the wind. The temperature is around 25 °C, and the effect is better than 28 °C. The moisture on the ground is good. There is no rain after a day of spraying. Grasp the spraying time, the spraying effect of a small amount of weeds is good, the weeds are too weak, and the amount can be increased. After the experiment, the effect is good and the area is increased. It can be sprayed again after more than 20 days. If Atractylodes has been sprayed with a blocking drug before emergence, special herbicides can be sprayed at a later stage, so that Atractylodes is not affected by weeds throughout the growth period and does not affect growth.
4.2.3 Topdressing
When Atractylodes grows to 20cm, it begins to topdress and chase 1 fat, so as not to cause a long length. At the beginning of the development of the rhizome, 30 kg of compound fertilizer and 10 kg of urea per mu are applied. The Chinese herbal medicine planter can be used for topdressing, and the fertilizer is directly spread to cover the soil to increase fertilizer efficiency. Watering after fertilization. In the middle and late growth period of Atractylodes macrocephala, the root cannon was expanded 3 times, and the yield increase effect was obvious. Pay attention to drainage during the rainy season to prevent lodging and rotten roots.
4.2.4 In addition to flower buds
Whether it is a live field or an atractylodes transplanted with a seedling, in addition to seeding, the flower buds are removed to concentrate the nutrients on the roots. It can spray flower bud inhibitor, inhibit flowering, promote root development, and significantly increase the yield of flower thinning.
4.3 Pest Control
4.3.1 Blight
At the seedling stage, yellow-brown lesions appeared at the base of the stem, and then the lesions expanded, showing a dark brown dry shrinkage depression. In severe cases, the diseased plant will fall and die, and it can be controlled by pesticides such as carbendazim and methyl thiophanate.
4.3.2 Iron leaf disease
At the beginning of the disease, yellow-green dots appeared on the leaves, and then gradually expanded. After the connection, they were polygonal or irregular, and soon covered the whole leaves. Finally, the leaves were iron-black dead. Control method: pre-planting with 50% of the bacteriostatic WP 1 000 times solution for 3 to 5 minutes, dry and then plant. The seed propagation method can be evenly sown with the heavy sputum before sowing, which can reduce the incidence. After the onset, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, etc. can be used for prevention and treatment.
4.3.3 Root rot
In the early stage of the disease, the roots are browned and dried, and then gradually spread to the rhizome and main stem, so that the stems and leaves on the ground are quickly wilted, and the plants are dying. Control method: The infection of the bacteria is caused by the soil and planting of the bacteria. The seed or the plant can be "disinfected" before sowing. After the onset, the disease is controlled by methyl thiophanate, carbendazim and carbendazim.
4.3.4 rust disease
There are fusiform lesions on the diseased leaves, brown, and some with a yellow-green halo. The leaf back bacteria are yellow granules which, after rupture, emit yellow or rust-colored powder. It can be sprayed 2~3 times to prevent rusting.
4.3.5 pests
Aphids can be controlled by locus, imidacloprid, etc., and small tigers, crickets, etc. can buy corresponding pesticides to spray or kill roots. Can not be used for one and a half months before harvesting.
4.4 Harvesting processing
4.4.1 Harvesting
The transplanted Atractylodes Rhizome is harvested for one year, and the seed is harvested in North China for one year and harvested in the South for 1-2 years. Excavation is suitable from late October to early November. When the leaves of Atractylodes sinensis were withered, they were harvested in time. The harvest is too early, the rhizome is tender, the quality of the medicinal material is poor, the yield is low; the harvest is too late, the side branches have been sprouted, and the epidermis shrinks after the dry operation, which reduces the cost. When mining, you should choose sunny days, cut the stems and leaves with a cutting machine, then plow the roots with a tractor, or use large machinery to mine. Now the Anguo area in Hebei has been the whole mechanized harvesting operation. Chinese herbal medicine harvesting machine is divided into two types, one is chain type, generally soil is available; the other is swaying, the hard point is also ground, the width is about 1.7m, with 100 horsepower or 120 horsepower four-wheel drive tractor, than manual mining Dig time and labor, and the roots are intact and intact. High yield per mu can reach 300~400kg.
4.4.2 Processing
After the atractylodes are shipped back, they are dried or dried immediately and cannot be stacked. When it is dried or dried to 80% dry, it will hit the roots, coarse skin and sand, and then dry or dry. If it encounters high price, the general merchant will dry it in the drying room.
5 Economic Benefit Analysis
5.1 Cost investment
5.1.1 Seed costs
Generally, 5 to 6 kg of seeds are needed per mu of land. The seed price is 400 yuan/kg, and the cost is about 2,000 yuan.
5.1.2 Fertilizer costs
For each mu of land, 1 000~3 000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 50 kg of NPK compound fertilizer, plus herbicide pesticides, the cost per mu is about 400 yuan.
5.1.3 Labor costs
All mechanization of watering, planting, mining, management, etc. is less than labor costs, and the cost per mu is about 500 yuan.
5.2 Income Analysis
The modified Atractylodes per mu yields 350~450kg, the southern Atractylodes price is 22~32 yuan/kg, the northern Atractylodes price is 15~22 yuan/kg, the selling seedlings are over 10,000 yuan, and some seeds are harvested.
The above is all the content of today. In fact, the prospect of the Chinese herbal medicine planting market is getting better and better. Farmers who are interested in growing medicinal materials can come to Huinong.com to learn different Chinese herbal medicine cultivation techniques.
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[Package Dimension] 36 round pieces
The pain relief patch is composed of three layers, namely, backing lining, middle gel and protective film. It is free from pharmacological, immunological or metabolic ingredients.
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[How To Use a Patch]
Please follow the Schematic Diagram. One piece, one time.
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[Attention]
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