As an accessory product of the combine harvester, the chopper can smash the stalk thrown from the drafter or the separation drum. With the further implementation of China's environmental protection policy, many localities have introduced regulations prohibiting incineration of stems on the spot. As a result, people are increasingly demanding the combine harvester shredder. The chopper is one of the most powerful components in the combine harvester, and the factors affecting the quality of work are also multifaceted. If the shape of the blade is not well designed, the power consumption will be multiplied, causing adverse effects such as vibration; the interface is not easy to be clogged. Another function of the blade is to ensure the quality of the material. Therefore, from the design point of view, the layout of the blade on the chopper roller and the shape of the blade, and the interface mode should be considered first. Due to the blade type and the chopper transition interface, the conventional chopping device often has disadvantages such as uneven chopping length and easy clogging, which causes damage to the relevant parts of the harvester.
1. Structure and function
The John Deere combine harvester stem chopper mainly consists of a chopper roller, a knife holder, a moving blade and a fixed blade to form a chopper body, which is then fixed on the cutter housing, and then the housing is connected to the main body. On the chopper housing, a material baffle is used to connect to the main unit.
1.1 Roller and knife holder
The chopper roller is made of φ121X5 seamless steel pipe and is welded at both ends. The movable knife seat is formed by 5 thick plates and welded to the chopper roller in strict spiral arrangement to ensure uniform load and small fluctuation during operation of the moving blade, thereby reducing the vibration of the machine. The fixed knife frame is composed of a long hole uniformly processed along the length of the chopper and a fixed knife beam on the bottom plate, and the fixed blade is fixed on the fixed knife beam through the long hole, and the angle of the fixed blade can be obtained according to different crops and needs Different stems are chopped and adjusted.
1.2 blade
The moving blade is used in combination with the fixed blade on the chopper roller. The high friction of the chopper roller during operation, the friction between the stem and the blade is large. In order to reduce the wear of the blade, the blade is fully considered. Material and shape, the material is 50CrVa, the surface treatment hardness is HRC52~56 and the shape tolerance is increased, and the contact area of ​​the fixed blade is reduced by a part. This can reduce chopper power consumption and overcome chopper blockage due to excessive friction between the chopper blade and the stem.
1.3 material deflector
A material deflector is installed at the inlet of the boom-type chopper and the material outlet of the main machine, and the bottom is hingedly connected with the chopper housing, and the upper part is bolted to the side wall of the machine, so that the material discharged from the drafter or the separation drum is smooth. Entering into the chopper, in order to prevent the stalk from forming a blockage in the deflector during the process of entering the chopper, the natural angle of repose of the stalk falling on the iron plate was tested several times during the installation. The material baffle can completely guide the material. When the harvester does not need to pulverize the stalk, the material baffle fixing bolt can be loosened and re-fixed on the rear tail cover of the machine, and the material falls directly under the action of the baffle without the chopper. On the ground. This preserves the complete crop stalk without disassembling the chopper.
2, the working principle
After the stalk is thrown from the drafter or the separation drum, it falls onto the material deflector. After the material enters the chopper along the deflector, the stalk is pulverized by the high-speed rotating moving blade and the fixed blade. At the same time, under the strong airflow generated by the high-speed rotation of the moving blade, the stem is thrown from the dispenser. In order to make the chopper work smoothly and reduce vibration, the design of the chopper roller after the moving blade is designed to be 6.3. The theoretical maximum dynamic balance is 1.471Nm.
3, use adjustment
3.1 Cutting length adjustment
When working, the cutting length of the material can be adjusted as needed. The position of the knife holder handle can be adjusted by harvesting different crops or at different harvest times. The lower the handle position, the greater the overlap of the moving blade and the fixed blade, and the better the chopping effect on the crop. However, the power consumed by the chopper is greater, so do not adjust the handle position too low as much as possible to meet the culm shredding requirements.
3.2 Blade replacement
Damage to the moving blade can cause vibration, so when the moving blade is damaged, it should be replaced in time. After one side of the blade is damaged, the other side of the blade can be replaced. When the blade needs to be replaced, the newly replaced blade should be roughly equal in weight to the original blade. When the number of replacement blades is large, the balance should be re-balanced.
3.3 stalk dispenser
Before the chopper is used, it must be equipped with a stalk dispenser with a guide plate. It not only acts as a dispersing effect but also acts as a shroud. By adjusting the angle of the deflector of the disperser to adjust the ejector's throwing distance and width. .
(Meng Mei)
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