Planting technology of high quality Chinese cabbage

As the saying goes, "100 dishes are not as good as cabbage". Immediately it is time to plant Chinese cabbage in the mid-autumn season, and many farmers who are accustomed to growing Chinese cabbage will still choose to plant Chinese cabbage. Recalling the bleakness of the cabbage market last year, what can vegetable farmers do this year to win higher economic benefits? The reporter interviewed researcher Zhang Maishu of Yanzhao Seed Industry in Shijiazhuang City and researcher Wen Fengying of Kerun Vegetable Research Institute of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Two cabbage experts believed that high quality should be used to win. So how can we grow high quality and high yield Chinese cabbage? Look at the opinions of experts.

Variety

Choosing a good variety is the basis for obtaining good quality Chinese cabbage. The selection of varieties should follow four principles: first, the selected variety must be suitable for local environmental conditions, which is a prerequisite for obtaining high quality and high yield; second, the selected variety must be welcomed by the market, so that the product can be sold well. Get good income; Thirdly, it is necessary to fully understand the production characteristics of the selected varieties in order to cooperate with the corresponding cultivation management techniques; Fourthly, as the production of Chinese cabbage gradually approaches the annual production, the disease of Chinese cabbage is getting more and more serious. Therefore, Be sure to choose a variety that is resistant to disease. In recent years, researchers have developed some varieties that combine disease resistance and high quality, such as "Shilu 70", "Jibai 6", "Jinqiu 65" and so on.

Mastery of habits

Chinese cabbage is usually sown 3 days before and after the beginning of autumn, sowing too early will cause serious diseases and insect pests; too late will affect yield. The external conditions required for Chinese cabbage growth are significantly different at different growth stages. Germination period: It usually takes 5 to 7 days (small cross) from seeding to the growth of 2 true leaves. The suitable temperature is 25 ℃ ～ 30 ℃. Seedling stage: It ends from pulling the small cross to growing 8 to 10 leaves. It usually takes 16 to 18 days. The optimum temperature is 22 ° C to 23 ° C. If the temperature exceeds 30 ° C for 3 to 4 consecutive days, Will reduce the resistance of Chinese cabbage, virus disease, black rot and other diseases occur, in the form of dead seedlings, vegetable farmers should prevent disease in a timely manner. Rosette stage: From the end of the seedling stage to the expansion of the outer leaves, the outer leaves are vigorous. Early maturing varieties generally take 18 to 22 days, and late maturing varieties 23 to 28 days. Balling period: From the appearance, Baotou cabbage's heart leaves begin to curl inwardly. Long tube-type Chinese cabbage simple heart leaves reach tube height 1/2 and enter into the balling period. Generally it takes 30 days for early-maturing varieties and 40-60 days for middle-late varieties. The optimum temperature is 15 ℃ ～ 17 ℃, but the growth rate is fast at 20 ℃ ～ 22 ℃. Mature period: When the average temperature drops to 4 ℃, it is the best time to harvest cabbage. Shijiazhuang is generally in late November. It is better to be 3 to 5 days before light snow. At that time, listen to the weather forecast and harvest in time. Tian Ke temporarily piled inward and in-situ. After harvesting, fake plants can be stored, and the general trench storage method is relatively labor-saving. A trench with a width of 40 to 45 cm and a depth of 40 to 45 cm is dug in the vegetable field, and Chinese cabbage is planted with roots in the trench and placed in two rows. In early December, the soil excavated from the trench was buried in the vegetable at one time, forming a small mound, and stored until the end of February to mid March of the following year. The vegetables were finished at one time and dried for half a day to one day. Before selling, do not move the soil layer, so that the buried cabbage is tender and has little loss, which avoids the pain of storing upside-down vegetables.

Prevent pests

In addition to suitable cultivation measures, the control of the three major Chinese cabbage diseases (ie downy mildew, soft rot, and viral disease) is also the key to high quality and high yield. To prevent downy mildew, the seeds must be disinfected first, and seed dressing should be carried out with 50% formica double wettable powder; when no disease occurs, use carbendazim, chlorothalonil and other agents for 7 to 10 days to prevent it; find the central disease Afterwards, it was sprayed with 64% antiseptic alum or 40% aluminum ethylphosphine.

Viral diseases are difficult to control once they occur. It is susceptible to disease in high temperature and drought, and timely control of aphid, the main transmission medium. The prevention and control of viral diseases should be based on the selection of disease-resistant varieties, proper seeding, reasonable dense planting, drought prevention, and virus A spraying can be used for prevention.

Soft rot is a bacterial disease. Rotary crops should be used for prevention; small high ridge cultivation should be used to avoid water accumulation in the field; seed dressing with agricultural resistance 751; field operation to reduce wound formation; Sprinkle quicklime, and spray the rhizomes of the plants with the agricultural streptomycin whole garden, spray once every 2 to 3 days, and spray 2 to 3 times in a row.

Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If third party legal rights are involved, please inform this website to deal with them. phone