In recent years, the southern yellow chicken breeding industry has developed rapidly, and the company has also grown from the initial tens of thousands of breeding chickens to hundreds of thousands today. With the continuous expansion of the scale of feeding, management has also been extensive to fine. According to the author's practice, it was organized into a set of relatively complete breeding and management programs for the three yellow chickens. Some experience and experience in the work are now proposed for reference by peers.
1 Management of the three yellow chickens after they are basketed (ie management during the breeding period)
Since the chicken population during the rearing period, body weight, uniformity, and sexual maturity directly affect the performance of laying eggs, it is directly related to economic benefits. Therefore, the following points must be done during the breeding period.
1.1 Size control The bones of Sanhuang chicken grow rapidly in the first 70 days. Skeletons can be completed 75% on 80 days, 90% on 84 days, and then grow slowly. The bone development is basically completed by 140 days. The development of body weight reached 75% of the whole period at 140 days, and then it developed slowly until the growth of the chicken stopped basically at 252-280 days.
1.2 Restriction of Feeding In order to avoid the phenomenon of light weight or overweight, appropriate restrictions are imposed on the flock during the rearing period. The specific feeding amount depends on the breed of chicken and the health condition of the chicken. Such as: the cage age is about 90 days of chicken, feeding amount: the first 2 to 6 days to feed 40 ~ 50g / (feather days), 7 days after feeding 50 ~ 60g / (days), half a month after feeding 65 ~ 70g / (feather days). When the weather is cold, it can be fed more properly to provide enough energy. The chickens with a basket age of 120 days were fed with 50-55 g/(days of feathers) in the first 10 days, and then slowly fed to peaks of 80-85 g/(days of feathers).
1.3 Illumination-controlled maturation In order to avoid the occurrence of premature birth, small eggs, rectal prolapse, delayed production, etc., light must be controlled during the breeding period. In order to promote their egg production, light stimulation should be performed as long as one of the following conditions is met. 1 When the body weight reaches the start of production, increase the light to stimulate their egg production, control the continued growth of body weight, thereby increasing the egg production and egg ratio than the entire production period. 2 When the egg production rate of the production chicken group reaches 5%, light stimulation shall be given in time to meet the need of its reproductive development. 3 If the breeder does not produce eggs at 140 days, light stimulation should be given in time to increase egg production.
2 Pre-laying (ie egg production 5%) to the early stage of egg production management
2.1 It is advisable that the reserved chickens should be basketed for 112 days (16 weeks of age) before entering the chickens, and the cages should be no longer than 18 weeks old at the latest. This will not only facilitate the adaptation of strange breeders to unfamiliar environments, but also can be arranged. Corresponding immunization work.
2.2 After chickens are sterilized chickens should be sterilized. In addition to winter, chickens placed on cages must be sterilized continuously for 3 to 5 days. In winter, whole group of chickens can be disinfected by drinking water for half a month. It should be noted that the correct practice of drinking water disinfection: the purpose of drinking water disinfection is to kill the bacteria in drinking water, rather than let the chicken to drink disinfectant into the body. In general, the disinfectant should be left in the water for about 20 minutes to allow the chicken to drink, otherwise it will destroy many beneficial bacteria in the chicken. In order to avoid the bacteria resistance to disinfecting water, the variety of disinfecting water should not be too single, and the disinfectant should be used alternately. To develop a good habit of disinfection, disinfection 2 to 3 times a week, hot days disinfection once a day.
2.3 After counting cages accurately, the number of chickens must be counted for data management.
2.4 Chicken Health Checking The chicken will always respond sensitively to strange factors such as strange environment and sudden change of weather, which will make it vulnerable to disease. Therefore, it is very important to do a good job of prevention of breeding chickens in the early stage of opening. The specific inspection items are as follows: Before feeding the chickens on a daily basis, take a circle to check if there are dead chickens; after the feeding, check whether the chicken's mental state, feeding and drinking are normal; check whether the feces pulled out by the chicken are abnormal Check if there is any food or drink in the flock. After inspection, the breeder must promptly resolve the problems found.
2.5 After a unified administration of the drug, it is necessary to immediately perform a health-care drug administration. No matter whether the flock is healthy or not, it must be administered for 3 consecutive days. The special case is 4 to 7 days or the whole group of intramuscular injection.
2.6 Insect repellents should be regularly dewormed after entering the chickens. Albendazole or avermectin insecticides can be added to the feed.
2.7 All immunizations are completed within one month after the immunization work into chickens. Inevitability, delays or missed doses, and insufficient doses are strictly forbidden. The first immunization took place within 7 to 15 days: Newcastle disease-transmissible-acute egg drop syndrome triple vaccine, intramuscular injection of 0.5 ml/feathering; bird flu vaccine, subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml/feathers. Special attention should be paid to the fact that some farmers like to inject intramuscular injections into the chest muscles of chickens. When the needles are inserted at the wrong angle, they will puncture the internal organs and cause the chickens to die or the vaccines to absorb poorly, causing local muscle necrosis. The second immunization was performed 7 days after the first immunization. Infectious laryngotracheitis vaccine: Chickens were given eye drops, 1 bird/only.
2.8 Increase lighting If the chicken is about 90 days old when entering the chicken, to 17 weeks of age when the body weight meets the requirements or the body weight is slightly greater than the standard weight, the lighting hours can be increased to 13 hours, then increased by 30 minutes per week until the light The number of people up to 16 hours is annoying; if the weight is smaller, the chicken should be light stimulated at 130 days of age when the flock begins to lay eggs. (Note: The light should increase slowly. If you suddenly increase the length of the light, it will easily lead to rectal prolapse during the production of eggs; the light intensity should be appropriate, not too strong or too weak, too strong and easy to produce flaws, too weak will not achieve Stimulation.)
2.9 feed conversion time is about 145 to 150 days of age. Within 2 weeks before the start of production, calcium deposition ability of the chicken's skeleton is the strongest, in order to make the future high-yield hens, reduce the egg breakage rate, reduce the occurrence of fatigue in laying hens, while increasing the light must also be pre- The production material is converted into egg feeds fed during the production period or the feed fed during the peak period. There must be a reloading process (ie, adaptation period) when the materials are transferred, that is, the pre-production material and the egg-producing material are to be combined together, and the total amount of the pre-produced material and the egg-producing material are to be fed from 5 to 7 days, and then all of them are converted into egg production materials. Chicken diarrhea caused by stress on the feed.
2.10 Breeding of Roosters
2.10.1 Roosters used for breeding are mostly selected at 60-65 days of age.
2.10.2 In order for cockerels to maintain effective breeding throughout the hen's laying period, the cock must be well developed during the 140 days so that the slowly mature cock and the 140-day-old new hen can enter the mixed group. More conducive to sexual cock reflexes, so that the cock step into sexual maturity.
2.10.3 Development of Rooster Testicles: Testicular development begins between 10 and 15 weeks of age and accelerates after 15 weeks of age. During sexual development, it is extremely important to maintain weekly weight gain. Because any weight loss will limit the development of the testes and thus limit the subsequent semen production. Therefore, a certain stocking density and sufficient feed supply are the key factors in the cock from 10 weeks of age to sexual maturity.
2.10.4 Roosters should supply specialized feeds and regularly supplement vitamins A, D, E and other nutrients.
2.10.5 The cock should be given back massage and sperm collection every day for 1 week before insemination.
1 Management of the three yellow chickens after they are basketed (ie management during the breeding period)
Since the chicken population during the rearing period, body weight, uniformity, and sexual maturity directly affect the performance of laying eggs, it is directly related to economic benefits. Therefore, the following points must be done during the breeding period.
1.1 Size control The bones of Sanhuang chicken grow rapidly in the first 70 days. Skeletons can be completed 75% on 80 days, 90% on 84 days, and then grow slowly. The bone development is basically completed by 140 days. The development of body weight reached 75% of the whole period at 140 days, and then it developed slowly until the growth of the chicken stopped basically at 252-280 days.
1.2 Restriction of Feeding In order to avoid the phenomenon of light weight or overweight, appropriate restrictions are imposed on the flock during the rearing period. The specific feeding amount depends on the breed of chicken and the health condition of the chicken. Such as: the cage age is about 90 days of chicken, feeding amount: the first 2 to 6 days to feed 40 ~ 50g / (feather days), 7 days after feeding 50 ~ 60g / (days), half a month after feeding 65 ~ 70g / (feather days). When the weather is cold, it can be fed more properly to provide enough energy. The chickens with a basket age of 120 days were fed with 50-55 g/(days of feathers) in the first 10 days, and then slowly fed to peaks of 80-85 g/(days of feathers).
1.3 Illumination-controlled maturation In order to avoid the occurrence of premature birth, small eggs, rectal prolapse, delayed production, etc., light must be controlled during the breeding period. In order to promote their egg production, light stimulation should be performed as long as one of the following conditions is met. 1 When the body weight reaches the start of production, increase the light to stimulate their egg production, control the continued growth of body weight, thereby increasing the egg production and egg ratio than the entire production period. 2 When the egg production rate of the production chicken group reaches 5%, light stimulation shall be given in time to meet the need of its reproductive development. 3 If the breeder does not produce eggs at 140 days, light stimulation should be given in time to increase egg production.
2 Pre-laying (ie egg production 5%) to the early stage of egg production management
2.1 It is advisable that the reserved chickens should be basketed for 112 days (16 weeks of age) before entering the chickens, and the cages should be no longer than 18 weeks old at the latest. This will not only facilitate the adaptation of strange breeders to unfamiliar environments, but also can be arranged. Corresponding immunization work.
2.2 After chickens are sterilized chickens should be sterilized. In addition to winter, chickens placed on cages must be sterilized continuously for 3 to 5 days. In winter, whole group of chickens can be disinfected by drinking water for half a month. It should be noted that the correct practice of drinking water disinfection: the purpose of drinking water disinfection is to kill the bacteria in drinking water, rather than let the chicken to drink disinfectant into the body. In general, the disinfectant should be left in the water for about 20 minutes to allow the chicken to drink, otherwise it will destroy many beneficial bacteria in the chicken. In order to avoid the bacteria resistance to disinfecting water, the variety of disinfecting water should not be too single, and the disinfectant should be used alternately. To develop a good habit of disinfection, disinfection 2 to 3 times a week, hot days disinfection once a day.
2.3 After counting cages accurately, the number of chickens must be counted for data management.
2.4 Chicken Health Checking The chicken will always respond sensitively to strange factors such as strange environment and sudden change of weather, which will make it vulnerable to disease. Therefore, it is very important to do a good job of prevention of breeding chickens in the early stage of opening. The specific inspection items are as follows: Before feeding the chickens on a daily basis, take a circle to check if there are dead chickens; after the feeding, check whether the chicken's mental state, feeding and drinking are normal; check whether the feces pulled out by the chicken are abnormal Check if there is any food or drink in the flock. After inspection, the breeder must promptly resolve the problems found.
2.5 After a unified administration of the drug, it is necessary to immediately perform a health-care drug administration. No matter whether the flock is healthy or not, it must be administered for 3 consecutive days. The special case is 4 to 7 days or the whole group of intramuscular injection.
2.6 Insect repellents should be regularly dewormed after entering the chickens. Albendazole or avermectin insecticides can be added to the feed.
2.7 All immunizations are completed within one month after the immunization work into chickens. Inevitability, delays or missed doses, and insufficient doses are strictly forbidden. The first immunization took place within 7 to 15 days: Newcastle disease-transmissible-acute egg drop syndrome triple vaccine, intramuscular injection of 0.5 ml/feathering; bird flu vaccine, subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml/feathers. Special attention should be paid to the fact that some farmers like to inject intramuscular injections into the chest muscles of chickens. When the needles are inserted at the wrong angle, they will puncture the internal organs and cause the chickens to die or the vaccines to absorb poorly, causing local muscle necrosis. The second immunization was performed 7 days after the first immunization. Infectious laryngotracheitis vaccine: Chickens were given eye drops, 1 bird/only.
2.8 Increase lighting If the chicken is about 90 days old when entering the chicken, to 17 weeks of age when the body weight meets the requirements or the body weight is slightly greater than the standard weight, the lighting hours can be increased to 13 hours, then increased by 30 minutes per week until the light The number of people up to 16 hours is annoying; if the weight is smaller, the chicken should be light stimulated at 130 days of age when the flock begins to lay eggs. (Note: The light should increase slowly. If you suddenly increase the length of the light, it will easily lead to rectal prolapse during the production of eggs; the light intensity should be appropriate, not too strong or too weak, too strong and easy to produce flaws, too weak will not achieve Stimulation.)
2.9 feed conversion time is about 145 to 150 days of age. Within 2 weeks before the start of production, calcium deposition ability of the chicken's skeleton is the strongest, in order to make the future high-yield hens, reduce the egg breakage rate, reduce the occurrence of fatigue in laying hens, while increasing the light must also be pre- The production material is converted into egg feeds fed during the production period or the feed fed during the peak period. There must be a reloading process (ie, adaptation period) when the materials are transferred, that is, the pre-production material and the egg-producing material are to be combined together, and the total amount of the pre-produced material and the egg-producing material are to be fed from 5 to 7 days, and then all of them are converted into egg production materials. Chicken diarrhea caused by stress on the feed.
2.10 Breeding of Roosters
2.10.1 Roosters used for breeding are mostly selected at 60-65 days of age.
2.10.2 In order for cockerels to maintain effective breeding throughout the hen's laying period, the cock must be well developed during the 140 days so that the slowly mature cock and the 140-day-old new hen can enter the mixed group. More conducive to sexual cock reflexes, so that the cock step into sexual maturity.
2.10.3 Development of Rooster Testicles: Testicular development begins between 10 and 15 weeks of age and accelerates after 15 weeks of age. During sexual development, it is extremely important to maintain weekly weight gain. Because any weight loss will limit the development of the testes and thus limit the subsequent semen production. Therefore, a certain stocking density and sufficient feed supply are the key factors in the cock from 10 weeks of age to sexual maturity.
2.10.4 Roosters should supply specialized feeds and regularly supplement vitamins A, D, E and other nutrients.
2.10.5 The cock should be given back massage and sperm collection every day for 1 week before insemination.
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