Lotus root do you like to eat? It is a common vegetable on the table. It can be fried, stewed, and made into various snacks. However, farmers who have planted lotus roots should find that some lotus root epidermis has a brown-red rust spot. The indecent appearance affects the sale of lotus roots and affects the taste. What is the cause? How to solve it? Let's take a look under.
First, the cause of the formation of lotus root rust
Lotus root rust is a true rust, which is a rust formed by the deposition of ferric oxide (a colloid) on the epidermis of lotus root, which is mainly related to the growth environment of lotus root. Lotus root is an aquatic plant that grows in water for a long time. In the process of long-term flooding, in order to transport oxygen to the root system, an oxidizing environment will be created. In the soil, there are a large number of reducing ions such as Fe2+ and Mn2+, which will secrete peroxidase. Further, Fe2+ is oxidized to form a reddish-brown iron oxide film, which is deposited and adhered to the lotus root epidermis, and finally forms a rust spot.
The iron film is formed during the ripening stage of the rhizome of lotus root. This process is the formation of rhizome aerated tissue, that is, the oxygen transport capacity is strong, and it is also the period of high summer temperature (July-August), which accelerates the iron film. Formation. After November, the rust will begin to rust, and by the end of the year the rust will disappear.
Second, the reasons for the heavy occurrence of lotus root rust
1. The content of ferrous iron (Fe2+) in the soil is high. In the soil with strong acidity or soil with poor barium and ferrous ions, the rust spots of lotus roots will be aggravated.
2. It is related to the planted lotus root varieties. Generally, the varieties such as Olian No.6 and Elian No.5 are more prone to rust.
3, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, do not pay attention to phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer, phosphorus deficiency has been proved to induce the formation of reddish brown iron film on the root surface, and organic fertilizer will affect the deposition of iron on the surface of lotus root.
4. The paddy field planted for many years is heavy. The main reason may be that after several years of planting, the soil nutrients and organic matter of lotus root growth are consumed, and the rhizome of lotus root is increased, resulting in soil hypoxia, increased hydrogen sulfide, ferrous iron and other reducing substances.
Third, the lotus root rust solution
1. Reasonable rotation, in the case of long rust spots of lotus roots in the process of planting, it should be selected to rotate with rice and other aquatic vegetables for 2-3 years.
2. Choose the plots. There are many rust spots on the lotus roots planted in different plots. Generally, there are more lotus root rusts in the plots of green mud, red clay and clay with more ferrous iron. It is recommended to choose fertile soil and high organic matter content. Planted in sandy loam or black soil.
3. Select low-iron film deposition varieties. Experiments have shown that the root stalk porosity, rhizomes vigor, photosynthetic rate and peroxidase activity of the high-iron film deposited lotus root cultivars are higher than those of the low-deposited lotus root cultivars, which are more prone to rust spots and can be planted. Low-iron film deposits such as Donghe Lianyuan, Jiangsu Wuhua, Yugoslav Sled.
4. Add organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, do not apply unfertilized farmyard manure, and the unfertilized organic fertilizer will cause soil hypoxia during the process of decomposing in the field, causing the reduction of hydrogen sulfide and Fe2+ in the soil. To increase the formation of rust spots on the epidermis of lotus root, it is advisable to apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer, which is beneficial to reduce the production of iron film in the roots of lotus root rhizomes.
5, timely cutting leaves, usually in the week before the harvesting of lotus roots, all the lotus leaves are cut off, this way is mainly to reduce the transport of oxygen to the underground part, has a certain effect on the formation of the iron film, but it is labor-intensive, And the iron film is mainly formed in the hot season from July to August, and the effect is not good.
6. Lime, adjusting the pH in the soil, has a certain effect on reducing the content of ammonia nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide in the soil and extracting oxygen from the soil.
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