The two-year-old cultivation technique of the grapes is based on the developmental characteristics of the grape growth results, and it is harvested twice a year through artificial treatment. This cultivation mode can effectively improve the economic benefits of viticulture. There are two methods for its cultivation. One is to use the winter buds formed in the new shoots of the year to treat the branches, leaves, and buds of the plants in the late summer and early autumn to re-grow and develop the results. The second is to use secondary shoots XiaYu to achieve two or three or four times fruit-bearing through repeated picking. The first method is characterized by strong shoot growth, large spikes, high yield, and good quality, and the operation is relatively simple and labor-saving. In the year when the well-managed water is sufficient, the normal fruiting of the next year will not be affected. The second method is complicated and labor-intensive, and the product developed by Auxiexia Xiujie has a small fruit size, a small ear, a low quality, and a low yield. In 2013-2016, the author used three plastic sheds (0.5 mu per shed) for the first three crops of early summer, black, black Barbados and summer solstice. A ripe fruit was put on the market from the end of May to early June, and harvesting was completed before mid-June. Mu/year output is about 1500kg, and mu production value is more than 40000.00 yuan. The second ripening fruit was cultivated in the middle and early August. The pruning promoted the flowering. It bloomed in early September. The fruit matured in mid-October. The mu/year output was about 800kg, and the output value was more than 10000.00 yuan. The average output per mu of two mature fruits exceeds 500000 yuan. The following is a brief introduction of the two-year-old cultivation techniques for the use of winter buds in grapes for secondary fruiting.
1. Variety selection: Grapes are cultivated twice a year. Select flowers, fruit growth and development period, disease resistance, high yield, good quality early maturing or special early maturing varieties. Such as Europe and the United States in the hybrid population of early summer black, Venus, nuclear, early high ink. In the Eurasian population Black Bardot, early purple, summer solstice, etc.
2. Reintroduction of Yangfei: After the harvest of a ripe fruit is finished, the fertilizer is immediately re-applied once again to restore the tree vigor and lay the foundation for the production of ripe fruit. In general, the application of urea is 10kg, the equivalent amount of NPK compound fertilizer is 30-40kg, and the biological organic fertilizer is 250-300kg. Apply enough water once after application.
3, foliar spray fertilizer to promote flowers: From the end of a ripe fruit harvest after the beginning of June, every two weeks or so after spraying a 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10 times 150 times PBO, until the end of July from the production of cooked Fruits were pruned and stopped before the first half of the month to promote the mature quality of dendrobium winter buds.
4. Pruning and picking leaves: After about 50 days after picking a ripe fruit (mid-August mid-August), shoot 6-7 buds in European and American hybrids, and leave 8-9 buds in Eurasian species for short cuts. All the leaves of the lower branch after the short cut promoted its re-emergence.
5. Promoting sprouting: (1) Promoter treatment. Immediately after pruning, use 8% of right ash nitrogen solution or 1:30 times of monohydroammonia solution (pharmaceutical 1: water 30) to immerse the two shoots on the top of the shoot. Discretion (3-5 seconds). (2) Apply Meng Meng, Urea 10-12kg urea, boron 3-4kg. (3) The irrigation will promote the water, after the above measures are completed, the irrigation water shall be filled in the garden once in a timely manner (if the drip irrigation facilities are also used for flood irrigation), the water must pass through the water, and the water shall be passed through. In order to maintain the humidity in the park and avoid high temperatures, a shade net was placed on the roof of the greenhouse to be removed after budding. (5) Spraying promotes sprouting. Generally, it takes about 10 days after pruning and removing leaves to start budding. The early autumn in August is prone to high temperature and drought. The low humidity in the air is unfavorable for the sprouting of the grapes. If the sun is exposed to high temperatures before budding, it should be on the morning of the same day. Spraying fresh shoots with water once every hour at 10:00 to 4:00 pm to increase the water content of the shoot buds to increase the germination rate; 0.5% urea 10 20-30 mg/L gibberellic acid when the grape buds begin to germinate. (GA7) Spray to promote growth once.
6, flower and fruit management: (1) pull the ear, new shoots 30cm long with 20mg / L gibberellic acid 1000 times faster Skeleton or 500-600 times pyrimidine impregnated spikes. (2) Topping, leaves 7-8 leaves when the new shoot reaches 10 or so. (3) Protecting the fruit, the European and American hybrids with cores of 8-10 days after flowering were treated with cytosine CPPU (5mg/L) and the ears were soaked; the seedless grapes and Eurasian species were soaked with 20mg/L gibberellic acid. (4) Fruit enlargement, European and American hybrids were soaked with 10 mg/LCPPU 8-12 days after flowering, and triple-sealed seedless grapes were soaked with 40-50 mg/L glycyrrhizic acid, 10 mg/LCPPU, diploid Eurasian. Kind does not deal with. (5) Strong fruit fertilizer: One week after Xiehua, the use of drip irrigation Mushi soluble equal amount NPK compound fertilizer 30kg ten 8-10kg urea, mu water consumption of about 1 ton. Watering immediately after application of the drip-free irrigation facility. (6) Promoting premature maturity: First, about 25 days after Xiehua, Mushi Pure Potassium Sulfate is 15-20kg. Second, start 30-35 days after the flower initiation (fruit softening and color development) Foliar spray 500-600 times glucose solution 150-200 times PBO twice, interval 7-10 days. Thirdly, plants that are too strong and have fewer spikelets (less than 5 ears) are circumcised and wrapped on the main vines after 30 days of flowering.
7. Late heat preservation: In October, when the minimum temperature falls to 150C on the same day, it is necessary to roll up and down the greenhouse film in time and in accordance with the temperature conditions. At this time, the second ripe fruit has entered the mature period, the maximum temperature during the day is controlled below 320C, the minimum temperature at night is kept above 120C, and the time of daylight and sunshine is extended by 20-300C during the day.
8. Strengthen comprehensive management: In addition to doing a good job of the above measures, other comprehensive management measures should also be strengthened. Such as: pest control, thinning flowers, fruit thinning, whole ears, bagging, auxiliary shoots? In addition to with the picking of the heart, the main vines tied and field weed control and so on.
9. The key issues that should be paid attention to: (1) The time of cutting and picking leaves must be controlled after 30 days from the end of harvesting a ripe fruit, so that the vigor of the grape plants can be fully restored after hanging a ripe fruit. (2) Promoting the germination time to avoid the high temperature climate from July to early August. It is best to start after the beginning of autumn in August. If you want to prune leaves beforehand to promote sprouting, you must adopt shade measures, otherwise it will reduce the germination rate and affect yield and even cause failure. (3) When the branches are trimmed and short cut, the winter buds must be maintained at 6 buds regardless of the species. After the top two buds are processed, the ripening fruit is produced, and the lower winter buds are used as the mother tree for the next year. If the autumn cut leaves are too low, the entire bud will be forced. Buds, causing no production the following year. (4) Strictly control the yield so as to avoid causing premature plant failure and fruit formation every other year. A ripe fruit production should be controlled within 1500kg; double ripe fruit should be controlled within the range of 600-800kg. (5) Encourage the water to ensure that the adequate water in the field after pruning and picking the leaves is a key measure to promote the emergence of sprouts. It is necessary to implement flood irrigation and spray the shoots on sunny days, otherwise the germination rate is extremely low or not Sprout, causing serious plant death. (6) Strictly control the concentration of chemical emulsifiers to treat the eye buds. The concentration of lime nitrogen is controlled between 5-10% according to the maturity of the shoots, and the cyanocyanine is controlled at about 1-3%. Exceeding this range can cause dry shoots. (7) Precautionary eclosion measures can only be used once a year on the same plant. If the fruit is processed during the production of a ripening fruit, circumcision can no longer be performed when the ripening fruit is produced. Otherwise, premature senescence of the plant is easily caused.
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