After sowing vegetables and after planting, in order to meet the needs of their growth and development, more topdressing fertilizers are often needed, and the topdressing amount generally accounts for about 1/3 or even more of the total amount of fertilizer applied during the whole growth period of the crop. Here are several commonly used top dressing methods, enumerating their advantages and disadvantages, for the reference of farmers.
First, when the crop is watered, the quantitative chemical fertilizer is sprinkled in the gutter and melted with the water and penetrates into the soil around the root of the crop. This method wastes a lot of fertilizer, and it easily leaks and leaks in the channels. In the deep layers that cannot be reached in the field crop root system, some fertilizers may also be infiltrated to cause waste. Its advantages are that it is simple to use, saves time and labor, and has little labor. This method can be used when there are sufficient sources of fertilizer, large areas for growing vegetables, and labor conflicts are prominent. When a large area of ​​vegetables appears severely infertility, it can be used as the top dressing method.
Second, after spreading the crops after pouring water or after the rain, the soil is suitable for the soil, and when it can be applied to the fields, the quantitative fertilizer will be applied to the crops or crop lines. This method is also relatively simple, but there are still some fat fractions that will volatilize. In particular, ammonium bicarbonate is very volatile and cannot be used; ammonium sulfate, urea and potassium sulfate can be applied, but only inconvenient operation in the field, crops need to Fertilizer and more urgent case selection.
Third, buried in the plant between the lines, digging trenches between the rows, the quantitative fertilizer applied, and then fill in the soil. This method is less wasteful and the most economical, but it has a large amount of labor and is labor-intensive. It is also inconvenient to operate. It is also necessary to pay attention to safety when it is applied. The fertilizer trench and pit must be more than 10 cm away from the base of the stem of the crop. If it is too close to the root, It is easy to damage the root system. Due to concentration and concentration of fertilizers, this method should not be used during the summer when crops grow vigorously and require more water, and it cannot be used during the critical period of crop water requirements. Generally in the winter season, when the labor force is sufficient and the crop growth is not large, this method can be used to gradually decompose the fertilizer applied and continuously supply the crop. However, in actual production, the peak of crop growth is often the peak of demand for fertilizer and water. Therefore, the buried method is often used when the temperature is high. In order to prevent negative effects, it is necessary to water after burial, so that the fertilizer concentration of buried plants will be reduced.
IV. Facilities follow-up In recent years, with the development of vegetable production technology in protected areas, the drip irrigation technology that is matched with it has been widely used, making the fertilization method on the track of automation. The specific method of using the drip irrigation facility for top dressing is to install a fertilizing device at the place where the water source enters the drip irrigation pipe, dissolve the chemical fertilizer in the fertilizing device, insert the drip irrigation pipe into the suction pipe filter of the fertilizer device, and the fertilizer can automatically enter the crop root with watering. In the surrounding soil. Due to the mulching of the plastic film, the fertilizer is hardly volatilized and lossless. Although the fertilizer is concentrated, the concentration is small, so it is safe, labor-saving, and effective. This is currently a more scientific and fertile top-dressing method with a very broad prospect of development. It is only necessary to carry out strict plastic film coverage, and it must be equipped with drip irrigation and tap water equipment before it can be used.
Five, top dressing outside the top dressing is foliar spray fertilizer. Facilities for horticulture Cultivation of vegetables, because of the environment created by man-made more convenient to meet the requirements of crops on environmental conditions, vegetables show fast growth, high yield, and many results. Apart from paying attention to timely top dressing, the management can also be combined with spraying, and extra-root fertilizers are applied several times to supplement the nutrient deficiency of the crop. This method is less costly and has a quicker fertilizer effect. It can also avoid fertilizers being fixed by soil. It is an economical and effective fertilization method. In the case of significant lack of nutrients and root senescence in the later stages of crop growth, the effect of the effect can be better demonstrated. The fertilizers used for dressing fertilizers outside the roots, in addition to urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, compound fertilizers and other commonly used elemental fertilizers, in recent years, many manufacturers have developed suitable for foliar spraying. A large number of elements added with trace elements or fertilizers containing various amino acid components have certain effects, such as spray pens, plant protection hormones, and farm music. However, it must be explained that the basic nutrients needed for the growth and development of vegetables are mainly derived from basal fertilizers and other fertilizers that are applied top-up. Extra-root fertilizers can only be used as an auxiliary measure.
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