Pond culture in China has a history of more than a millennium. Mixed breeding of multiple species is a major feature. It can make full use of the material and energy in the ecological space of the pond waters and water ecosystems, and obtain significant economic benefits from breeding. However, the analysis method for the growth rate and economic efficiency of pond cultured fish is generally based on the analysis of the pond as a whole and as a “black boxâ€. It is mainly to consider all the fish cultured in the pond as a whole and analyze the input and production of the pond. Out of this, there is no detailed analysis based on the growth rate and economic benefits of different cultured species.
Fish is a species of fish belonging to the order Acridus, Syringa, and Sophora. Because of its large individual and delicious flesh, fish are gradually being used as water ponds in the coastal areas of China to fish [1-3]. In this paper, a mixed pond fish pond, grass carp, Penaeus vannamei, carp, and squid polyculture pond in Huangjian Town, Sheyang County, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province was taken as an example. On the one hand, different cultured species in the polyculture pond were tried. The method of detailed analysis of growth rate, economic efficiency, and feed efficiency is expected to obtain more detailed information on pond culture techniques. On the other hand, a technical analysis of the polyculture effect of fish species will be carried out to promote the progress of fish pond culture techniques. .
Aquaculture pond basic situation
The aquaculture pond is a 33-mu pond in Huangjian Town, Sheyang County, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province. The pond has an average water depth of 1.6m. The breeding time is from June 2009 to April 2010. The main fish species, mixed with grass carp, Penaeus vannamei and carp. Use self-contained 33% protein-containing feed for culture.
Analysis of stocking, harvesting and growth rate of fish and shrimp
See Table 1 for stocking, harvesting, and growing rates of fingerlings in this pond. The polyculture species are grass carp, fish, Penaeus vannamei, and carp. From the stocking specs analysis, grass carp and carp are fish species with an average weight of 300 g per tail and 250 g per tail, respectively, and the average fish weight is 0.14 g/ The average weight of tail and white vannamei was 0.1 g/tail. From the analysis of the number of individuals stocked, the fish reached 12987 tails/mu, the South American white shrimp was 21212 tails/acre, and the grass carp and squid had 3 tails/acre. Therefore, the pond was cultured as fish fingerlings, sets of grass carp, and South American white. Polyculture pond for prawn and salmon.
The following results can be obtained from Table 1.
1. Stocking rate, harvesting rate and growth rate of different cultured species: The stocking density of fry was 12987/mu, the weight density was 1.82/mu, and the stocking size was 0.14 g/tail. After breeding, the harvested mu yield was 505.5 per mu, with an average body weight of 41.67 g per tail, meeting the specifications of the species; the growth rate is 503.23 per mu per mu, the increase rate of mu is 27677.78%, and the weight gain is 277.78 times. Grass carp achieved the result that the per mu gain of 7.42 mu, the mu gain rate was 816.67%, and the weight gain multiple was 9.17 times, reaching the food commodity fish specification; South American white prawns realized a mu gain of 58.48 per mu, and the mu gain rate was 2757.14%, 28.57-fold increase in weight gain; squid achieved a gain of 4.55 per mu per mu, a gain of 600 per mu, and a 7-fold increase in weight gain.
The results showed that after the feed was put in, the growth of the main fishes was effectively guaranteed, and the weight gain per mu reached 503.23/mu and the weight gain was 277.78 times. At the same time, the white penaeid shrimps with a gain of 58.48 per mu were harvested, and the per-mu gain was 7.42kg. Mu of grass carp and Mu gain 4.55kg/mu of carp. The species structure of fish and shrimp stocking is reasonable, and the targeted feed is very strong.
2. Feeding and predatory fish ratios: The type of foods fed into the pond are grass carp, fish and whiteleg shrimp, and the considered fish is carp. The weight density of the three feeding fish and shrimp feeding seedlings was 4.85/mu, and the proportion was 86.49%; the weight density of the harvest was 573.99/mu, and the proportion was 99.08%; the growth rate was the feeding fish and shrimp growth. It weighs 569.14 per mu and its share is 99.21%. The weight gains of fish and shrimp fed were 118.34 times, while the eating habits of salmon increased only 7 times.
The results showed that after the ponds were fed with feed, they were mainly conducive to the growth of fish and shrimp. However, the growth rate of carp was not very fast.
Economic Analysis of Investment and Output of Farmed Fish and Shrimp
1. Value-added benefits of the economic value of farmed fish and shrimp: The values ​​and increments of different fish and shrimp in the culture ponds were counted. The results are shown in Table 2. The acre value of grass carp, fish, P. vannamei, and carp was 89.09 yuan/mu, 8931.82 yuan/mu, 1284.85 yuan/mu, and 18.18 yuan/mu, respectively; their value-added multiples were 8.17, 56.14, and 7.57 times respectively. 6 times. In the cultured fish and shrimp, the value of different types of added value accounted for 0.86% of grass carp, 86.52% of fish, 12.45% of white shrimp, and 0.18% of carp.
The results showed that the largest contributor to the economic value-added of this pond culture was fish, accounting for 86.52%, followed by Penaeus vannamei (12.45%). The pond has a value of 10323.94 yuan/mu, and the economic value multiplier is 30.12 times. From the analysis of the economic benefits of aquaculture, breeding of fish species can raise the economic benefits of Penaeus vannamei.
2. Economic benefit analysis of the input and output of the whole pond body: The overall economic input and output of the pond is shown in Table 3. The value of the acre of farmed fish and shrimp was 10,323.94 yuan/mu (see Table 2), the profit per mu was 5,833.03 yuan/mu, the ratio of output of funds and input was 2.21 times, the yield of input funds reached 120.68%, and significant economic breeding was obtained. benefit.
3. Structure ratio of input costs for farmed fish and shrimp: The total investment for the pond is 4833.64 yuan/mu, of which, the seed input is 342.73 yuan/mu, and the proportion of total investment is 7.09%; the feed input is 3690.91 yuan/mu. The proportion of the total investment is 76.36%, which has become the major cost input for fingerling breeding; the rent for ponds, electricity, and labor costs 800 yuan/mu. In the breeding and production of fingerlings, the investment for seed (342.73 yuan/mu) is much lower than the investment for adult fish breeding (generally about 2000 to 2500 yuan/mu), and the growth rate of the seed is faster and the weight is increased. The multiple is large, so as long as the feed used is of good quality and the farming technology is mature, good economic benefits for breeding can be obtained. The pond obtained economic benefits of 5833.03 yuan/mu. It is precisely because of the above reasons that it is more economical than the 2,000 yuan/mu of the aquaculture of edible fish.
Analysis of feed aquaculture efficiency
An important issue for polyculture in ponds is how feed formulations are designed, and the feed nutrient requirements of different cultured species are not the same. Then, in the actual production, in the different cultured species of polyculture, specifically based on the nutrient requirements of the culture species for the design of feed formulations? The pond is the main species of barracuda and has an absolute advantage in the amount of stocking. Therefore, the formulation of feed should be designed in accordance with the nutrition of the barracuda fish species.
The pond uses 33% of crude protein and 3% of crude fat, and the feed price is 4.35 yuan per animal. Obtain a feed coefficient of 1.49, if only to calculate the feeding of fish and shrimp consumed feed costs 6.49 yuan /. The results show that the utilization efficiency of feed has achieved very good results, and the cost of feed for breeding is also at a very low level, which is very suitable for the growth of fish fingerlings.
Summary and analysis
1. Analysis of the overall growth and economic benefits of fish cultured in pond culture: From the aspects of fish growth, economic benefits and other aspects of pond culture, the pond was allocated 5.61/mu of fish species, yielding a yield of 579.29/mu, 573.69/mu. Total weight gain, 103.26 times the weight gain multiple, as a mixed culture of fish species, the growth of farmed fish, shrimp is very significant. The aquaculture production gains a profit of 5,833.03 yuan per mu, the ratio of output to input is 2.21 times, the return rate of input funds reaches 120.68%, and the obtained economic breeding efficiency is also very significant.
2. Analysis of the growth rate and economic efficiency of different cultured species: There are many angles and methods of analysis of pond culture at the technical level. As an analysis of the relationship between feed and farmed fish, and the overall economic benefits of breeding, the most hope to understand is the pond. In the aquaculture system, the growth rate of different types of fish and shrimp, the structure of the cultured fish and shrimp, the use of feeds suitable for the growth needs of the main farmed fish and shrimp, whether significant culture can be obtained through the main cultured fish and shrimps Economic benefits.
Therefore, using a pond as a unit, it is particularly important to obtain data on the stocking, harvesting, and growth rates of different cultured species. The relationship between feed and the growth rate of the main farmed fish and shrimp can be analyzed. The contribution of the overall economic benefits of aquaculture ponds. In the aquaculture ponds involved in this article, the main cultured fish are fish fingerlings, and the number density of the introduced fish is 12987 tail/mu. After feeding the feed, the yield per mu is 505.5/mu (average body weight is 41.67 g/tail) and the mu gain is increased. Weight 503.23/mu, weight gain multiple of 277.78 times; fish acre value of 8319.82 yuan/mu, and 86.52% of the proportion of the economic and value-added contribution rate.
At the same time, the economic value of economic benefits is also significant for the nesting of Penaeus vannamei, with a value-added of 1,284.85 yuan/mu, a value-added multiple of 7.57, and a rate of 12.45%.
These results show that the fish species of the pond and the polyculture of the shrimp are reasonable. At the same time, the designed compound feed is highly targeted to the fish and fully meets the nutritional needs of the fish. The feed coefficient obtained is 1.49, and the feed cost for fish and shrimp products is 6.49 yuan per animal. The positioning of feed conversion efficiency, feed nutrition and price is suitable for the fish fingerling breeding market and can be further improved. Promotion and application.
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