Dormant period (December to the end of February). There is no consumption on the tree in these three months, and the roots do not absorb it. Completely in hibernation.
Storage nutrient consumption period (from March to April). At this stage, flower buds germinate, early flowering, full flowering, fruiting and fruit setting, early fruit cell formation, and early shoot growth. From the beginning of flower buds in early March until after the flowering of April 20, there were no leaves on the trees and photosynthesis was not possible. From the end of the Xiehua to the end of April, new leaves and new leaves are emerging, but the photosynthetic capacity is weak. Therefore, the nutrients consumed at this stage depend entirely on the nutrients stored in the tree. If the tree has sufficient nutrients for storage, it will bloom vigorously, the fruit setting rate will be high, the new shoots will be strong, the leaves will be large, and the young fruit will swell quickly. If the tree stores a serious shortage of nutrients, it is weak in flowering, low in fruit set, weak in new shoots, small in leaves, and young in fruit.
At this stage of management, there is no orchard or infertilized orchard in autumn, and it is time to apply base fertilizer in March. Second, before sprouting, pouring enough water before flowering, Xiehua avoid watering. The third is to do a good job of preventing freezing injury, artificial pollination and fruit thinning after flowering. The fourth is to supplement the lack of storage nutrition, after germination, before and after flowering, should be sprayed several times more foliar dressing. Can spray 0.3% urea, but also spray 0.3% borax and 0.3% calcium nitrate. It is better to spray Pringdon fish protein several times.
Nutrition transfer period (May). After the apples were spent, the consumption of trees was still mainly tree storage and nutrition. With the increase of leaf area and the enhancement of leaf function, the photosynthetic transformed nutrient is used as a supplement to tree nutrients. The new shoot grows to more than 10 leaves (mid-to-late May). When the sunlight is transformed into nutrients to meet the consumption of the day, it marks the end of the nutrient conversion period. If the autumn fertilizer is applied early, the fertilizer is sufficient, the leaves are well preserved, and the tree body has sufficient nutrition for storage. The flowering is strong, the fruit setting rate is high, the young fruit enlargement is fast, the shoots are thick, and the leaves are thick, which shortens the period of nutrient transfer (about 30 days after flowering). If the fall season basal fertilization is abandoned, the tree storage is seriously deficient in nutrition, the flowering is thin, the fruit set is low, the shoots are small, and the young fruit is inflated slowly. In other words, the nutrition of the tree is not connected and the young fruit, branches and leaves are in a state of hunger and hunger.
During the period of nutrient transfer in May, the consumption of nutrients on the trees was the rapid expansion of young fruit, laying the foundation for Apple's big head. The second is that the new shoots are thick and the leaves are greatly accelerated, shortening the period of nutrient conversion. The third is to enter the physiological differentiation stage of flower bud formation. If the trees are well-stocked and nutritious, they will not only guarantee high yields and quality in the year, but also lay a foundation for high yields in the next year. The size of an apple depends on the number of cells, the size of the cells, and the size of the cell gap. A normal big apple usually has about 40 million cells. The time of cell formation: the flower receptacles in flowering stages have already reached 2 million cells. Within 15 days after flowering, the number of cells should reach 85%, or about 34 million. The remaining 6 million cells were formed within 40 days after the flowering. Later, until harvesting, it is the expansion phase of the gap between cells and cells. This proves that: Tree storage adequate nutrition is not only the key to Apple's large head, high yield, and high quality, but also an important guarantee for the formation of flower buds in the following year.
During the period of nutrient conversion, in order to cherish the consumption of nutrients stored by the tree, the management must not flood the water within 40 days after the flower is cut. If you encounter moderate rain and heavy rain, especially Red Star, Golden Shuai, Dora, Jonak and other species, immediately after the rain cut a knife in the main ring to prevent the shoot from prospering due to increased moisture, resulting in competition for nutrients caused in May. A large number of physiological fruit drop in the middle and late. The second is to pay close attention to fruit thinning and fruit setting to reduce nutrient consumption. The third is to control the growth of sprouts on the back by twisting the shoots to reduce nutrient consumption. The fourth is the combination of spraying, spraying several times more fertilizer.
The vegetative growth and vigorous reproductive growth period (mid-September to mid-September). At this stage, the highest temperature and the highest rainfall. It is both a period of prosperous branches and apple's rapid expansion and morphological differentiation of flower buds. At this stage, the photosynthetic function of the leaf area was the strongest and organic nutrients were the most abundant. However, it is also the most consumed stage in the tree. If the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is excessive, the branches will continue to be long and affect the formation of flower buds in the year of rainy weather. In the second year, serious "small year" results will appear. In the past, when fruit trees and fertilizers became the heads of households, the years of summer and autumn when they were rainy, the branches were severely prolonged, and the results of most of the orchard's small year in the second year were caused by the above reasons.
Apples in full fruit period require the end of May to early June. After the spring shoots of the shoots are stopped for a long period of time, it is best to no longer shoot autumn shoots or rarely to shoot autumn shoots. It is possible to focus nutrients on apple enlargement, sugar increase, coloring, and flower buds. Formed on. Therefore, from mid-May to late August, we must strictly control the large-scale application of nitrogen fertilizer. In the summer and autumn, fertilizers are mainly composed of high-potassium and low-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizers.
Tree nutrient accumulation and storage period (from mid-September to the end of November). After entering mid-September, the branches have grown slowly or have stopped growing, and the apples have been harvested or nearly harvested. The consumption of nutrients on the tree is very low or stops consumption. The photosynthetic function of the leaves lasts until mid-to-late November. Roots have entered the third growth peak. The nutrients that the roots absorb from the soil are converted into organic nutrients through the photosynthesis of the leaves. Most of the nutrients are stored in the tree except for a small part of the flower buds. Therefore, in September, we must seize the opportunity to apply basal fertilizer in the autumn. In September, we must use small water to prevent drought and prevent drought from flooding and cause apple cracking.
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