In the fast-growing production of shiitake mushrooms, its supporting management technology is crucial, which directly affects the yield and quality of shiitake mushrooms.
First, the management of bacteria
The inoculated bag was moved to a culturing chamber, and the room temperature was controlled at about 25°C and the relative humidity was 75% or less. During the germination period, the heat released due to mycelial respiration will make the temperature inside the bag 2~4°C higher than that outside the bag. During the germination period, care should be taken to prevent the temperature from being too high. In particular, the room temperature in the middle and later periods should not exceed 25°C. 15 to 20 days When the mycelium grows to a diameter of 8 to 10 cm, the tape can be lifted from the bottom upwards to make the opening downwards to speed up the growth of the mycelia and carry out the turning and inspection. 30-35 days after inoculation, the second turning was performed. When the mycelium grows to two holes, the tape is peeled off and the bacteria seed block is removed.
Second, the bag to the color during the management
1, timely bagging off the bag prematurely, the bacteria is not easy to change the color; take off the bag too late, the bacteria are too thick, will affect the mushroom. Timely bag-breaking to master two points: First, to grasp the mushroom age, early maturing species generally in 60 to 65 days, late-maturing varieties of 70 to 80 days; second is to look at the bag wall of mycelial hyphae, accounting for 1/2 ~ When 2/3 or partial brown spots appear, it is the best time to take off the bag.
2, to promote the normal color fast and slow, the depth of color and the bacteria were thick and thin, with the number of mushrooms, quality is closely related to the quality. Turn color normal tan, bacteria were moderate thickness, mushrooming normal, mushroom body round, medium size, good quality, high yield. The unpacked fungus tube rods were inclined at a distance of 10 centimeters and discharged on the shelf of the mushroom bed so that the mycelium recovered. The temperature of the mushroom bed was controlled at 23 to 25°C and the relative humidity was maintained at 85%. The bacteria in a suitable temperature and humidity conditions, the surface will grow a layer of thick white villous hyphae, then the film on both ends of the mushroom bed uncovered, ventilated each time on the afternoon, every 30 minutes.
3. After 10 to 12 days after temperature-sensitive buds are removed from the bag, the bacteria tubes are basically all changed color. At this time, the temperature difference between day and night can reach 10°C or more to facilitate the formation of fruit body primordia. Cover the film during the day to reduce the amount of ventilation, in order to keep the tube moist and increase the bed temperature, but the maximum should not exceed 25 °C, at night to open the film, let the light breeze blowing, so that the surface of the bacteria cylinder is dry, and stimulated by low temperature, air relative humidity Keeping at around 85% for 3 to 4 days of variable temperature stimulation, the primordium develops into a mushroom bud.
Third, the management of fruiting period
When the bud of mushroom bud grows to 2 centimeters long, spray water is started. If the temperature is above 20 degrees Celsius, it should be sprayed once every morning and at night. At the same time, attention should be paid to ventilation to prevent malformation of mushrooms. At the stage of long-shelled mushroom, the early stage of the fungus tube was mainly sprayed with moisturizing water, and the latter was immersed with water and sprayed with water. Mushrooms are aerobic organisms, pay attention to ventilation during the mushrooming period, keep the air fresh. In the autumn of mushroom farms, “Sanyang Qiyinâ€, “Wuyang Wuyin†in winter, “Six Yangliuyin†in spring and “Yangyin and Jiuyin†in summer are preferred.
IV. Pest control
Prevention and control of pests and diseases is a very important part of the fast-growing and high-yielding technology of mushrooms. It is necessary to adhere to the principle of “prevention from prevention and prevention from combinationâ€. Once the bacteria, insect pests, and diseases are found, they must be carefully analyzed to determine the cause of the disease and take comprehensive measures such as ecological control, biological control, and chemical prevention as soon as possible to completely eliminate or suppress its spread.
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