1. The autumn pruning of pruning apple trees in autumn is of vital importance to improve the quality of the fruit of the following year and to ensure stable and high yields. The autumnal pruning of apple trees mainly adopts technical measures such as branching, thinning and light cutting.
(1) Pulling branches to ease. The pull branches are pulled to the desired angle for branches that are not suitable for the angle, and pull branches are generally performed before the autumnal equinox. The pull branch angle generally requires the main branch to be drawn at 70 degrees to 80 degrees, and the auxiliary raising branch and the temporary branch are drawn at 90 degrees to 100 degrees. The specific situation depends on the varieties, land conditions, and moderate tree vigor.
(2) Lightning and light transmission. Sparse inner branches, backless branches, erect branches and competing branches, and weak branches. In this period, cutting and cutting are not easy to prevent stripping, which avoids the phenomenon that the more pruning and stripping in winter are more frequent.
(3) Lightly cut flowers. The use of light shears on young shoots of new shoots or wearing short caps at the blind spot at the junction of the spring and autumn shoots can reduce nutrient consumption, contribute to nutrient accumulation, and promote flowering effects.
2. Autumn basal fertilization can generally be carried out in early September. At this time, the fertilized root can heal quickly and it can germinate a large number of roots and increase the absorption rate of fertilizer. Fertilizers are mainly organic fertilizers, with a small amount of inorganic fertilizers. The general young tree strains apply high-quality soil miscellaneous fertilizer 50 to 100 kilograms, fruit tree special fertilizer 1 to 1.5 kilograms, mature tree plants apply high-quality soil miscellaneous fertilizer 150 to 300 kilograms plus fruit tree special fertilizer 2 to 4 kilograms, basically The pounds are fat. Autumn basal fertilization should not be too deep, not more than 50 centimeters is appropriate, the young fruit tree can be used ditch cast method, Sheng fruit period tree should adopt the whole garden spreading method. If there is a deficiency, the trace element should be mixed into the organic fertilizer when applying base fertilizer. Such as iron deficiency, the ferrous sulfate and organic fertilizer can be fully mixed after the application, such as zinc deficiency, can be combined with Shiji fertilizer applied per plant 100 to 200 grams, the results of the tree plant 250 to 500 grams.
3. After the Qingyuan Deep-falling tree-disc leaves fall, the dry branches, fallen leaves, weeds, etc. in the orchard are cleaned up and burned in a concentrated manner to eliminate the overwhelming insect sources and bacterial sources. It is advisable to deepen the tree tray before the peak of the root growth in autumn. Deeply turning the tree plate at this time, the wound is easy to heal and grow fast, can increase the amount of deep roots, water retention, increase the temperature, but also to eliminate part of the overwintering pests.
4. Pest control After the apple is harvested, the temperature is still high, some germs will continue to infect, and many pests will continue to eat and injure themselves to prepare for overwintering. Therefore, it is still necessary to strengthen the control of pests and diseases. Pesticides can be used Xiaoling Po 1500 times or DuPont Wanling 3000 times, fungicides can be used 1.5%, new high-fat film, multi-resistant mold 300 times or Bordeaux mixture, after falling leaves can be sprayed 3 degrees stone Sulfur compounds and so on.
5. The time for pouring frozen water should be in the middle or late November, and the amount of water should be sufficient to ensure that the trees use water in winter, and at the same time, some of the pests that overwinter in the soil can be killed. (China Plant Protection Network: Wei Linfei)
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