For fruit trees, basal fertilizer should be applied in time after fruit picking in autumn to supplement nutrition. Fruit tree basal fertilizer is generally divided into autumn, winter and spring. Practice has proved that the effect of autumn is the best, so there is a saying of "gold in autumn, silver in winter, and broken copper and iron in spring".
When will it be applied? Sooner rather than later
It is better to apply the base fertilizer sooner rather than later in autumn. It is better to harvest the fruits in autumn and before the leaves fall. If the autumn fertilization is not completed before the leaves of the fruit trees fall, it must be completed before the ground is frozen. The specific time of applying basal fertilizer in autumn varies with the types of fruit trees. Early and mid-ripening varieties such as Gala Apple and Red Fragrant Pear should be applied before mid-September; Red Fuji, Dangshan Pear, Red Grape and other late-maturing varieties Varieties should be applied before the end of September. For some late-maturing varieties, the habit of applying late autumn and early winter after harvest can be changed to applying before harvest.
What to do? Mainly organic fertilizer
Applying base fertilizer in autumn is to store sufficient nutrients for the safe overwintering of fruit trees and the normal physiological activities of germination, growth and flowering in the early spring of the following year. Therefore, base fertilizer application in autumn should be based on organic fertilizer with long fertilizer effect and supplemented by chemical fertilizer.
At the same time, the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers and the combination of appropriate amount of fertilizer and organic fertilizer can be used for base application, which can realize the combination of organic and inorganic and meet the short-term and long-term nutrient needs of fruit trees. Pay attention to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers when applying chemical fertilizers. It is not advisable to apply too much quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise it is easy to cause late autumn shoots.
How much to do? Adapt to tree conditions
The saplings that do not bear fruit are generally only applied with basal fertilizer and no topdressing. With the increase of tree age, the amount of fertilizer applied will increase accordingly. It is recommended to fertilize 10 kg per plant for 1 year, 20 kg per plant for 2-3 years, and 25 kg per plant for 4 to 5 years.
Adult orchards determine the amount of basal fertilizer to be applied in autumn, which can be determined according to the output. For orchards with a yield of 2000 kg per mu, the organic fertilizer should reach "jin fruit catty"; for orchards with a yield of more than 6000 kg per mu, the organic fertilizer should reach "jin "Fruit catty half fat" or "City fruit two catty fat". On the basis of applying organic fertilizers, 150 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer, 100 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer and 100 kilograms of potash fertilizer are applied per mu.
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