Pleurotus eryngii, also known as Pleurotus eryngi, has almond flavours, and its flesh is thick like abalone, hence the name Pleurotus eryngii. Japan is called "Snow Velvet".
In the late spring and early summer, rot occurs and parasites on the roots and surrounding soil of the erythrina plant Erygium campestre. It is naturally distributed in Italy, Spain, France, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, the former Soviet Union's South, Morocco, India, Pakistan, China's Xinjiang and Western Sichuan.
Pleurotus eryngii is rich in nutrients, crisp texture, excellent taste, unique flavor, so it has the reputation of "Pleurotus ostreatus", "the delicious boletus on the grassland".
Biological characteristics
(A) The body morphology of mushroom body is generally medium and large. Single or group students. The diameter of the mushroom cap is 2-12cm. In the initial cap margin, the volume of the cap is hemispherical, gradually flattened and flattened after maturity. However, the edge will not be upturned, and the shallow center of the cap has a shallow disk to funnel shape. It is light gray when young, yellowish-white after maturation, and often has radial dark brown streaks around the center. Meat white, almond flavor. The pleats grow downward and dense. Mushroom shank is characterized by a thick base, medium grain, fleshy, white. When there is little cultivation and ventilation, it is stick-shaped to bowling. Spores are white or light yellow. Spores are spindle-shaped and smooth. Mycelial locks are combined.
(b) Fertility conditions
1. Nutrition Pleurotus eryngii is a kind of edible fungus that can decompose lignin and cellulose. It needs rich nutrition, especially nitrogen source, mycelium growth is strong, and yield is higher. Artificially cultivated materials grow well on substrates such as cottonseed hulls, sawdust, bagasse, and wheat straw. Substitute materials and auxiliary materials, such as rice bran, bran, corn flour, cotton cake powder, calcium carbonate, sugar, etc., can promote the growth of hyphae and increase the amount of mushroom buds.
2. The moisture Pleurotus eryngii is more drought-tolerant, but the appropriate water content is more conducive to growth and development and increase yield. At the stage of mycelial growth, the suitable moisture content of the culture medium is 60%-65%, but since the water should not be sprayed on the mushroom body during cultivation, the water required for the mushroom body is mainly derived from the culture material, so the moisture content of the culture material can be adjusted. Appropriately increased to 65%-70%. The relative humidity of air can be as low as 60% of the mycelium growth stage, and 90-95% of the differentiation stage of the post-primary fruiting body is suitable. The growth stage of the fruit body can be appropriately reduced to 85-90%.
3. The temperature is the key to determine the success or failure of Pleurotus eryngii cultivation and the level of yield. The mycelial growth temperature range is 22-27°C, the optimum temperature is about 25°C, and higher than 30°C, mycelial growth is poor. Pleurotus eryngii is a constant-temperature robust mushroom, the temperature difference is too large, unfavorable to the occurrence of primordium, the temperature of the mushrooming range is 10-18°C, the optimum temperature is 12-16°C, below 8°C, the primordium is not present, higher than Above 20°C, malformation mushrooms are prone to occur, and diseases may occur, causing dead mushrooms and rotten mushrooms. The fruiting body has a growth temperature of 10-21°C and an optimum temperature of 10-18°C. The mastery of temperature varies from strain to strain, and special attention must be paid to the characteristics of the strain when introducing it.
4. Aerosol growth stage is relatively less oxygen demand, low concentrations of CO have a stimulatory effect on mycelial growth, with the growth of mycelium, the CO2 concentration in the bag (bottle) from the normal air content of 0.03 % has risen to more than 2%, mycelium can still grow well. The original base period requires sufficient oxygen, and the CO2 concentration should be reduced to about 0.5%. Otherwise, the primordium will not differentiate and expand into a spherical shape. During the growth and development of the mushroom body, it needs fresh air, and the CO2 concentration should be less than 0.4%.
5. Light does not require light during the growth phase of the mycelium and accelerates mycelial growth in dark environments. The growth and development of primordial and fruiting bodies require a certain amount of scattered light, and the appropriate light intensity is 500-1000Lx.
6. The PH value of the mycelial growth range is 4-8, and the optimum pH is 6.5-7.5. The optimum pH for the mushrooming stage is 5.5-6.5.
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