Methane Bromide Soil Disinfection Technology in Strawberry Field

In the shed, fixed plots were planted continuously, and the amount of soil harmful organisms increased rapidly. Diseases and insect pests increased year after year. In particular, soil-borne diseases such as strawberry wilt, root rot, verticillium wilt and epidemic diseases, the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria will bring huge losses to the production of old strawberries. Soil disinfection is an effective way to solve this problem. At present, methyl bromide is recognized as the most effective soil disinfectant in the world. It not only effectively kills fungi, bacteria, and soil-borne viruses in the soil, but also has a good toxicity effect on nematodes, soil pests and grass seeds. Methyl bromide is a colorless liquid and it is stored in pressure cylinders of different volumes. Under atmospheric pressure, when the temperature is above 4°C, it can be vaporized into methane gas three times heavier than air, and can rapidly diffuse in the soil and Infiltration, permeation, killing bacteria and pests in the soil. 1. Preparation before disinfection 1. Soil treatment: Apply enough base fertilizer, deep plowing more than 30 centimeters, clean up residual strawberry stems and roots, soil surface without soil, soil moisture is moderate (75%), can achieve the best Disinfection effect. 2. Cover film: Fumigation must be carried out under closed ambient conditions. It should be covered with a transparent polyethylene film (better without drip film), with a thickness of 0.1 mm and a width of 1 m wider than the disinfected parcel. And prepare a wide tape to repair holes in the film. 3, bamboo raft: take a small shed for use. 4, cylinders of methyl bromide: packaging specifications 25,40,100 kilograms, each cylinder pressure 7-8 atmospheric pressure, in order to use safety, 98% of the commercial methyl bromide is generally required to add 2% of chloropicrin as a tear agent, Used as an early warning. 50 grams per square meter, 33 kg per mu, according to soil type and humidity can be adjusted. 5. Evaporator: Use glass bottles or regular 640 ml beer bottles. The volume of each one kilogram of methyl bromide is 600 milliliters, which can disinfect 20 square meters. Each vaporizer is prepared with a 1.5-2 meter long polyethylene tube, matching the inner diameter to the steel bottle adapter. Second, the operation steps 1, the ditch: In the fumigation area around the pillar excavation 15-20 cm deep film groove. 2. Racking: Every 2 meters (with no cover film), a small arch shed 30-40 centimeters high is placed on the ground with bamboo rafts. 3, cloth medicine point: Inside the bamboo pole, place an evaporator every 20 square meters, mark in the position of 600 milliliters, half of the bottle is buried in the soil, the mouth of the bottle is slightly inclined outwards, it is beneficial to extract the drug guiding tube after the end. Insert one end of the drug guiding tube into the mouth of the bottle by 5-7 cm. The remaining part of the drug guiding tube is buried and fixed in a trench, leads out of the small shed, and extends out of the ground and is 70-80 cm (slightly higher than the methyl bromide steel bottle). The tube cannot be replaced with polyvinyl chloride or rubber tubing. 4. Cover film: The film is buried in the film groove around the film. The pressure film soil should be pressed as far as possible. There is a pillar shed. The plastic film on both sides of the column must be buried in the same trench at the same time. The continuous fumigated land borders the The two membranes also have to be buried in a trench and compacted to ensure complete fumigation. 5, drug release: Before the release of drugs, we must carefully check whether all drug guide tube is put, whether the plastic film around the seal, plastic film to ensure no holes. Remove the cylinder protection cap, replace the connector, and connect the drug guide tube to the connector. Turn on the cylinder valve and allow the liquid methyl bromide to flow into the evaporator under the membrane along the drug guide tube. When the methyl bromide reaches the mark (600 ml), immediately close the valve. Unplug the drug guide tube from the cylinder and slowly pull the drug guide tube out of the shed. Do not touch the glass bottle. Then move the cylinder to the next point to continue dispensing. 6, fumigation, ventilation: After drug release, need to maintain the confined state 2-3 days (48-72 hours), open the film ventilation air for more than 10 days, you can plant strawberries. Will greatly reduce the harm of various pests and diseases. Third, pay attention to matters. Methyl bromide is a highly toxic chemical substance. Safety must be observed. Before use, use methods must be mastered. Operators must undergo technical training. Can not be sterilized in a confined greenhouse. It is forbidden to engage in agricultural farming during ventilation. The disinfected land must be clearly marked.

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