First, to avoid irrationalism: Peanut cultivars should not be replanted or greeted because they are not only prone to diseases, resulting in severe reductions in production, but also due to the effects of root exudates, they are not easy to grow trees and produce short and weak plants, resulting in a decline in yield. Therefore, it is necessary to implement a rotation system for three to four years, and it is best to plant it in the land where sweet potatoes, corn, vegetables, and cotton were planted in the previous year. Second, the rational application of base fertilizer: peanuts are more resistant to thin, but if adequate fertilizer in a timely manner, not only can increase production, but also improve the quality of fertilization to the base fertilizer, generally Mushi quality farmyard fertilizer 2000 kg, urea 10 kg, chlorination 10 kg of potassium and 30 kg of superphosphate are uniformly applied one at a time before sowing, and then the plough is pressed into the soil, and the smashing and smashing can be planted. Third, the rational close planting, timely sowing: to determine the appropriate planting density must be comprehensive consideration of climate, soil and fertilizer conditions, planting systems and species characteristics. High soil fertility, good fertilizer and water conditions, low density, low soil moisture, poor fertilizer and water conditions, and high density; early sowing should be diluted and sowing should be done late; common type of standing peanuts should be dense, and creeping varieties should be thin; early maturing varieties should be suitable. The dense and late-maturing varieties should be diluted; in addition, the density should be thin in areas with high rainfall and high groundwater levels, and the density should be higher in areas with less rainfall, dry climate and no irrigation conditions in the middle and late periods. The suitable sowing date of peanuts should be determined according to the characteristics of the varieties and the changing rules of the local climatic conditions. In general, the peanut ground peanuts should be stable at 12°C or more, and the common ground peanuts should be stable at 15°C or more in the sowing layer. Can be sowed, practice has proved that: sowing early in the short-term sowing, the development of peanut seedlings, peanuts into the flowering period as soon as possible, make full use of the effective temperature conditions, improve the rate of achievement is of great significance. Fourth, to strengthen the management of the field: 1. Check seedlings replanting seedlings in a timely manner after the detection of seedlings, if there is a lack of seedlings should prompt replenishing seedlings. 2. Intertillage Peanut seedlings should be combined with cultivator for clearing. Usually, the soil around the base of the peanut seedlings can be planed with a small hoe to form a “small nest†so that the lateral buds between the two cotyledons and leaf pods can be exposed on the ground. Weeding can be done. 3. Drainage, drought, row of peanuts In case of drought, watering can be combined with sprinkler irrigation. Do not inject warm water to avoid soil compaction. If there is too much rain, the soil moisture is high and the ground temperature is low, affecting the pods and grains, causing rot and reducing yield. And quality, so it should be timely flood prevention. 4. Prevention of pests and diseases such as the detection of earthworms, cockroaches, and golden needles can be used to control soil poisoning, poison Valley and other methods can also be used 50% phoxim 1500 times liquid to irrigate root, aphids with dimethoate or phoxim 1500 ~ 2000 times liquid Spraying; peanuts are most susceptible to leaf spot, rust, and leaf spot disease. Leaf spot disease is sprayed with 75% thiophanate 1000 times liquid 70-80 kg or carbendazim 800-1000 times liquid 70-80 kg per mu. In the initial stage, spraying 20% ​​triadimefon 30 to 40 ml per mu can be used. 5. Extra-root topdressing to prevent premature failure During the later growth period, the root absorption capacity is weakened, and the leaf absorption capacity is still strong. If the supply of nutrients is insufficient, the parietal leaves are easy to fall off, and the stems and leaves decay sooner. At this time, the foliar spraying should be performed in time 0.2%~ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution or spraying 0.3% ~ 0.4% urea and superphosphate mixed solution 1 or 2 times, to extend the functional period of the leaf, prevent premature aging, increase the fruit rate. 6. timely control in the peanut flowering period, per acre with 15% paclobutrazol 20 ~ 25 grams or a strong liquid agent 10 ~ 15 ml, watered 45 kg spray. When adjusting the tone, attention should be paid to the tendency of prosperous growth, high planting density, fertile soil, high fertilization level, and heavy rainy weather, and vice versa. Dispensing requires uniform mixing, with the spray with the spray, the atomization effect is better, to prevent the local spray concentration is too high, resulting in phytotoxicity and affect the yield. 5. Timely harvest: Since peanuts are ground-grown, underground-grown crops, it is generally difficult to see from the outside whether or not the pods have reached full maturity. At the same time, the peanuts have infinite flowering habits, and they continuously produce continuous results. The fruits are there sooner or later, so they are harvested. When the fruit is full, the harvest is too early and late to affect the yield and quality. Early harvest, nutrients in stems and leaves have not been completely transferred to the seeds, most of the pods have not yet fully matured, many pods, low yield, poor quality; harvest too late, prone to fruit drop, resulting in loss of yield, short-term dormant species easy The field germinates and even spoils. Under normal circumstances, when peanuts enter the final stage, most of the nutrients in the plants have been transported into the pods. At this time, the plants show an aging state, the tops stop growing, the remaining leaves on the stems turn yellow, the base and middle leaves fall off, and most of the pods fall off. The fruit shell is hardened, the texture is clear, the seed kernels are full, the seed coat is thin, and the seeds can be harvested when they are of the original variety. (Author: Zhao Yue Feng Panzheng Mao Kan ring unit: in Malaysia City, Henan Province Agricultural Science)
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