Release date: 2016-12-27
Cancer is the leading cause of high morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its prevalence is expected to increase in the coming years. Cancer prevention strategies include developing a healthy lifestyle and checking if there is a risk. New research suggests that small doses of aspirin may help prevent cancer cell formation and explain how to stop it.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with 8.2 million deaths in 2012.
In terms of prevention, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends developing healthy lifestyles and developing healthy eating habits such as avoiding smoking and drinking, as well as exercising and eating lots of fruits and vegetables.
New research reinforces the idea that low-dose aspirin intake can also help prevent cancer and inhibit cancer cell proliferation.
Recommendations for low-dose aspirin that may help prevent cancer are not new. In September 2015, the US Preventive Services Working Group said that small doses of aspirin were used daily to help prevent cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer.
However, the new study also explains that low-dose aspirin may indeed inhibit the process of cancer cell proliferation and metastasis.
Aspirin indirectly inhibits oncoproteins responsible for malignant cells
The study was conducted in collaboration with Oregon State University (OHSU) and Oregon State University (OSU) and the results were published in the AJP Cell Physiol.
"The benefits of aspirin may be due to its effect on blood cells called platelets, rather than directly on tumor cells," said senior author Owen McCarty, professor at the OHSU Department of Biomedical Engineering.
Platelets are tiny blood cells that help the body form a clot to stop bleeding when necessary.
It seems that platelets also increase the level of protein that can support cancer cells and help them spread. This "oncoprotein" is called c-MYC.
The biological function of c-MYC is to regulate the expression of more than 15% of human genes. c-MYC modulators control the life and death cycle of cells, protein synthesis and cellular metabolism.
However, studies have shown that this oncogene is overexpressed in cancer.
The researchers in this latest study explained that aspirin reduces the ability of platelets to increase c-MYC oncoprotein levels.
"Our work suggests that some of the anticancer effects of aspirin may be as follows: During blood transport, circulating tumor cells interact with platelets, which stimulate tumor cells to activate by activating oncogenes such as c-MYC. Aspirin reduces platelets and tumor cells This signal between them indirectly reduces tumor cell growth."
-Owen McCarty OSU / Professor of OHSU School of Pharmacy Craig Williams and research collaborators further explained the process.
“Early cancer cells live in a very hostile environment where the immune system attacks regularly and tries to eliminate them,†he said. “Platelets can protect against early cancer cells and help them metastasize. Aspirin inhibition seems to Interfered with this process.
Low-dose aspirin may be "safe and effective" in preventing cancer
This is the first study to show that platelets regulate the expression of c-MYC in cancer cells.
The researchers noted that almost one-third of colon cancer patients and 42% of pancreatic cancer patients overexpressed c-MYC oncoprotein.
They also pointed out that aspirin had the same effect on platelets at high and low doses. As a result, clinicians can weigh the risks and benefits of aspirin intake and reduce the risk of bleeding, a common side effect of taking too much aspirin.
The authors highlight the key role of physicians and medical professionals in considering low-dose aspirin intake.
The authors conclude: "Because the interaction between platelets and cancer cells is early [...], the use of antiplatelet doses of aspirin may be a safe and effective preventive measure."
Source: Noble
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