Ensure winter water and winter fertilizer. Ensure that winter water and winter fertilizer can improve soil nutrients, water conditions, and stabilize ground temperature changes, create good conditions for wheat seedlings to turn green and increase the rate of tillering into ears, and grasp the initiative of spring management. Winter irrigation in saline-alkali soils also has the effect of reducing alkaline and improving soil. The amount of winter fertilizer should not be too large. It should be adapted to seedling conditions. The amount of topdressing per mu in the middle-yield wheat field accounts for about 20% of the amount of topdressing. The plots without base phosphate fertilizer should be combined with nitrogen and phosphorus. Winter fertilizers are not applied to wheat fields that have been fertilized.
The winter water pouring should end when the average daily temperature is 7～8℃ when the night freezes and the day disappears. Late cropping wheat has a short growth period before winter, few leaves and few roots, or "one leaf". In order to use the effective accumulated temperature during the freezing and thawing period of early winter and early spring, increase the planting ground temperature and promote the increase of roots and tillers. In the case of high soil moisture It is not suitable to pour winter water.
Deep Yun, suppress and loosen the soil. Water irrigated wheat fields with medium fertility and above. After the beginning of winter, when the total number of tillers per acre reaches 1.5 times the planned number of ears, deep root cutting should be carried out, using a hoe that removes the left and right two teeth, with a depth of 10 cm. After deep cultivating, the columbine should be leveled and steadfast immediately to prevent the seedlings from being pressed and the air lost, and winter water should be poured in time. For wheat fields where the population is too large, deep root cutting has an obvious effect on controlling population development.
For wheat fields with over-growing populations that are too large, suppression measures can also be used to suppress tiller growth before overwintering. In wheat fields with extensive cultivation and a lot of rubbish, the ground shall be suppressed before the ground freezes to crush the rubbish and make up for the cracks, which can play a role in heat preservation and moisture retention of the soil. Compression should be carried out after noon, so as to avoid frost damage to the seedlings in the morning, and saline-alkali land should not be suppressed.
It should be noted that after the winter water is poured on the wheat field, the ground surface is easy to harden, cracks appear, soil moisture is easy to lose, the wheat roots are broken, the wheat seedlings are frozen, and the soil must be cut and hoeed in time.
Pay attention to the prevention of freezing damage and the management of frozen rear fields. To prevent freezing damage, in addition to using good seeds, applying sufficient base fertilizer, and cultivating strong seedlings, it is also necessary to apply farmyard manure to cover wheat and suppress strong seedlings during the overwintering period to keep warm, fertilize the field and prevent freezing. Where conditions permit, water can also be used for winter irrigation. When wheat leaves are frozen, as long as the tillering nodes are not frozen, chemical fertilizers should be applied as soon as possible to promote seedling transformation; in case of freezing, topdressing should be combined with watering and drought resistance.
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