1. Land preparation, fertilization and variety selection
1. Cucumbers are warm and afraid of wetness and continuous cropping. Generally, they should choose fields that have not been planted with melon crops for more than 3 years. At the same time, it is necessary to choose a higher terrain, closer to the source, convenient drainage and irrigation, and loose soil and fertile loam.
2, careful land preparation. After the melons are selected, they should be ploughed and sun-dried. The soil should be broken, and the top and bottom should be uniform. The upper layer should be 4-5 inches. The plane should be flat and the grass should be clean. Generally, 3 to 5 days before the live broadcast or transplanting, the width of the car is 80cm, the width of the groove is 50cm, and the depth of the ditch is about 30cm.
3. Apply enough base fertilizer. Cucumber needs a large amount of fertilizer, combined with land preparation, 30-40 glutinous fertilizer per mu, 20-50 kg of biological fertilizer, 35-40 kg of compound fertilizer, 10-15 kg of urea, and soil fertilizer should be applied Planted or lived in the melon hole. Urea combined with cultivated land is evenly applied to the soil, and the fertilizer cannot directly contact the seeds and seedlings to prevent burning and burning seedlings.
4. Variety selection. At present, the focus is on Jinchun No. 4, No. 5, Jinyou 1, No. 2 and other Jinyan series.
Second, cultivate strong seedlings
1. Equipped with nutritious soil. It is necessary to vigorously promote seedling transplanting, because live broadcasts are easy to cause heavy rain impact, high temperature melon seedlings are long, vulnerable to pests and diseases, leading to lack of seedlings. Generally, the eucalyptus season and the summer high temperature are used in the 1-2 months before the nursery, and the high-temperature composting is carried out. The nutrient soil requires the nutrient, fertile, loose and no pests and diseases. Each side of the soil mixed fertilizer plus compound fertilizer 3-5 kg, 10 jin of grass ash, 6-7 kg of decomposed vegetable cake, mix well, stacked with old plastic cover, the temperature inside the pile can reach 60-70 °C, can kill some germs, mix the nutrient soil once before doing it, and add 500g of beneficial bacteria to each side, so that the soil and fertilizer are fully integrated, to prevent the use of old wall soil as nutrient soil to prevent burning seedlings.
2, soaking seeds and germination. Generally, it is soaked in warm water at 55 ° C for 10 minutes or soaked with 50% carbendazim for 1500 times, then washed with water and then germinated. The method focuses on killing the bacteria on the seeds. Summer germination is better, the soaking time is determined by temperature, 500 times of phytonutrients are added, the temperature is soaked at 30-35 °C for about 1 day and a half, and less than 30 °C for 1 and a half days. The seed surface mucus should be washed before soaking, and the seeds should be soaked and dried until slightly dry.
3, fine seedbeds. It is advisable to choose a field that is close to Daejeon, has no melons, is close to water sources, and is easy to manage. The seedbed should be leveled, the clods should be broken, and the upper and lower sides should be uniform. This is convenient for loose and breathable, which is conducive to water infiltration and rise, increase the drought resistance of the seedbed, and then carefully do the sputum. Before doing the hoe, the seedbed should be 130-140cm wide and the groove width 50cm for easy operation. The seedbed bed should be flat, and the car should be disinfected and disinfected with 50% carbendazim 800 times liquid. At the same time, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of underground pests.
4, nursery. Generally, a plastic sleeve of 10×10 cm is suitable, and then the crucible is used. Water is immersed before sowing, and 1-2 seeds are gently inserted into each stalk. Carefully insert it downwards. After the seeds are sowed, the soil is covered above, and it is generally appropriate to cover the seeds. Then, depending on the condition of the nutrient and water, it is determined whether or not to water. If the soil on the soil is covered, do not water again; if it is dry Then water it with a watering can. After the seeds are broadcast, cover the seedling bed with agricultural film, straw curtain or shade net to prevent rainstorms or high temperature burning.
5, seedbed management. When the melon seedlings are out, it is necessary to properly control the water and control the fertilizer, prevent and control the melon seedlings, and gradually remove the shaving material to refine the seedlings. In case of heavy rain or special high temperature, it should be covered in time. When the seedlings are refining, they should be refined to the leaves. The thick and strong roots are developed well. The water should be controlled one week before transplanting. Otherwise, the melon seedlings grow green and grow. After planting into the field, the seedling period is elongated. At the seedling stage, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of pests and diseases, mainly including squatting disease (dumpling seedlings), blight, etc., using Miao fungus, Redolmir and 50% carbendazim; melon fly and melon wild scorpion Beta-cypermethrin control; Starscream is controlled by Kruth.
6. Seedling management of live seedlings. The live Daejeon can be directly smashed and watered after the car is finished, and then the piled nutritious soil is sprinkled into the melon seeds. Some farmers do not apply fertilization as a base fertilizer, and they are not fertilized, melons and scorpions. The child does not go to the soil and the old relatives, so this affects the quality of the melon seedlings. At the same time, we must do a good job in seedlings and seedlings, other management and seedbed management, we must pour the seedling fertilizer 2 times, usually with human excrement and urea.
Third, timely transplanting
When the seedlings grow to two leaves and one heart to three leaves, transplanting should be carried out. When transplanting, you should choose evening or cloudy days. Generally, you should plant two rows of plants, with a plant spacing of 5-6 inches, 3500-4000 plants per acre or 3000 plants. After planting, the rooting water is fixed, and the root fertilizer is generally applied per acre with 20-30 kg of urea and 10 kg of urea. When transplanting, the ditch will have water, increase the humidity in the field, and re-water once in the morning after transplanting. If conditions permit, you can use the sunshade, and remove the coverings 3-5 days after planting. Reduce the slow seedling period.
Fourth, Daejeon Management
1. Timely cultivating loose soil. After the slow seedling period, the soil should be ploughed in time. As the saying goes: There is water under the hoe, and the hoe can cut the pores of the soil surface to reduce evaporation and eliminate grass damage. As long as you can squat the melon field, you must work hard after a heavy rain. When ploughing, from shallow to deep, when the cultivating shovel is applied to a bacterium of 25 kg per acre, it is beneficial to enhance soil looseness and reduce the number of ploughing, but pay attention to burying and not let the bacteria be exposed to the sun.
2, pruning vines. Cucumber grows rapidly under high temperature conditions. Some varieties, such as Jinyan and Jinzao series cucumbers, have more branches in the lower part. There are fewer branches in Jinchun and Jinyou, and the branches with more branches should be destroyed in time. tendril. At the 4th leaf stage, the "human" frame with a height of about 2 meters is placed on the outside of the melon, and the vine is placed on the shelf. The middle and upper parts have the habit of branching habits. When the vine grows to 3-4 feet, 2-3 can be left on it. Lateral branches, each side branch leaves a melon, and the 4-5 leaves of the melon are topped. The non-strong variety of branching habits, the main melon should be below 10 knots, no matter what kind of variety can not leave the root melon, in the upper part of the melon. Melon length, melon straight, melon uniform, big belly melon, bent melon less, pay attention to the big belly melon and fertilizer water also have a certain relationship with the degree of pollination, in the flowering period, spraying Naduobao helps pollination fertilization, reduce the belly The occurrence of melons and malformed melons. The big belly melon should be removed in time.
3. Water and fertilizer management. Reasonable watering, the early and middle stages of autumn cucumber are in the high temperature and dry season in our county, the water demand is large, but not the more water, the better. Excessive water is easy to cause disease, so attach importance to seedling disease and drought resistance. In principle, no water is saved. Generally, the melon seedlings have leaf-forming phenomenon at noon. The topsoil is dry. It is predicted that there will be no rain in the near morning. Water should be watered in the morning to prevent noon and afternoon. Watering. At the time of the melon, the water should be sufficient, which is conducive to the elongation and expansion of the melon. The drought increases the amount of melon, but it cannot be flooded with water. It is better to use a small pump to water the ditch. At the same time, the disease is serious. If the melon seedling is sick, it must be treated first, then watering again after 2-3 days, and then treating it once every 1-2 days after watering; if it is rainy, it should be deep ditch draining, especially It is a low-lying area.
4. Scientific fertilization. Applying seedling fertilizer once every 7 days after planting, it is best to use 10-15 ounces of human and animal manure per acre, plus 4-5 kg ​​of urea, pouring water, pouring a good shelf, if it is live, according to the seedlings In the case of two leaves, four leaves, and six leaves, each seedling should be poured once, with little or no application. When the young melon is about 5 inches, it must not be dehydrated and dehydrated. Generally, it is combined with watering and drought resistance to apply 15-20 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu. At the time of the melon, the application of three yuan fertilizer 25-30 kg. In order to improve the yield in the later stage, picking up the top dressing twice to ensure the demand for fertilizer from the cucumber.
5. Rational application of micro-fertilizers. When a large number of melons are used, the water and fertilizer requirements are high, and the amino acid compound micro-fertilizer + brassinolide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. can be sprayed frequently, which can not only increase the yield, but also improve the quality and reduce the degree of disease occurrence.
This article URL: Autumn Cucumber Cultivation Technology
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