Prepare before broadcast
1. Selection and adjustment
Choose a plot with good ecological environment, convenient drainage and irrigation, deep loose soil, fertile soil, and no different types of corn varieties within 500 meters. Before sowing, fine soil preparation, applying 1200-1500 kg of anaerobic farmyard fertilizer, 7.5-10 kg of urea, 50 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 7.5-10.0 kg of potassium chloride per mu, and the amount of corn basal fertilizer planted in spring and autumn should be greater than that in summer. Relatively more. Simultaneous application of 3% Miller 2 kg to control the underground pests. According to the ditch with 1.2 meters wide groove width, double row planting, spacing 60 cm, spacing 30 cm. According to the shape of the field, open a cross ditch or a ditch to facilitate drainage.
2. Choose a good seed
Sweet corn is divided into three major types: sweet corn, super-sweet corn and enhanced sweet corn, which should be selected according to the purpose of production. The use of super-sweet corn varieties should be based on the use of young fruit spikes for fruit or vegetable marketing; common sweet corn varieties should be selected for canned products. In addition, it should also pay attention to early, middle and late maturing varieties with planting, which can be listed one after another to increase economic efficiency. At present, the sweet corn hybrids planted in southern Jiangxi in the spring, summer and autumn are mainly Sejin, Huazhen, Chaotian 2000, and Jin No.1.
Seeding and transplanting
1. Suitable for sowing
The arrangement of sweet corn sowing season should be considered in combination with factors such as climatic conditions, market demand, production season of fruit and vegetable processing plants, and harvest time before and after. The earliest sowing period can be started when the temperature stabilizes at 12°C, and the mulching can be sown 7 to 10 days earlier. Spring sowing in southern Anhui is generally from late February to late March, summer sowing in mid-May, and autumn sowing in early August to mid-October. Before seeding, seeds should be selected, dried and soaked. In order to raise the market in the morning and seize the market, early-maturing corn can be used as early maturing varieties, and complementary technical measures such as seedling transplanting and plastic film covering can be adopted.
2. Reasonable close planting
Using equidistant double-line live cultivation method, the spacing between plants is (26 to 28) centimeters (60 to 65) centimeters, sowing depth is 2 to 3 centimeters, 2 to 3 seeds are planted under each hole, cover with fine soil, and then broadcast. Dry weather should be filled with germinated water. Keep 1 seedling per hole and plant 3500 to 4500 shoots per 667 square meters. According to the characteristics of different varieties of sweet corn, different planting densities are selected, and late-maturing species are more rare and early-maturing species are more dense.
The herbicide was sprayed on the same day after the sowing of the cover soil. Each 667 square meters was sprayed with 100% 50% acetochlor and 100 kg of water on the wet surface and the trench to pre-emergence weed control to prevent weeding. At the same time with 3% to 5% of the amount of seed cups for nursery to prepare for use.
3. Isolate planting
In order to ensure the quality of sweet corn, cultivation should be isolated from ordinary corn or other types of sweet corn to prevent cross-dressing. The commonly used isolation methods are space isolation and time isolation. Space isolation is generally more than 400 meters away, or it is naturally isolated by using natural barriers such as forests and hills; if the time is isolated, the sowing date should be staggered for more than 30 days.
Field management
1. Seedlings, Dingling, Weeding and Weeding
Immediately after emergence, seedlings will be inspected and seedlings will be seeded to ensure that they will be transplanted and replanted in time; when the seedlings have 3 to 4 true leaves, the seedlings will be planted, 5 to 6 leafs will be fixed, and each seedling will remain 1 seedling. . During the whole growing period of sweet corn, cultivating is usually carried out 3 to 4 times to remove weeds, loosen the soil and increase air permeability. The cultivator can be carried out after rain or after watering.
2. Dressing and earthing
Production practice shows that in addition to applying basic fertilizer, sweet corn should master the principle of “early application of Miaofei, suitable for jointed manure, heavy earing (large bell-mouth) fertilizer, and skillful application of granular fertilizer†in addition to basic fertilizer, and the emergence period (2～ 3 leaves) or early after the survival of transplanting survival Shi Zhuang. Miao Fei, 5 kg per 667 square meters with urea, potassium chloride 5 kg of water pouring, in order to promote strong seedlings, small earth; 5 ~ 7 leaf period to see The seedling grows cleverly and applies joint-fertilizer. It is applied with farmyard manure plus a small amount of quick-effect fertilizer, or 10 kg of urea per 667 square meters, 10 kg of imported high-quality compound fertilizer, combined with cultivator soil to prevent lodging; 12 to 13 leaf stages “big horn "Import" to apply good young ear differentiation of fat, 20 kg per 667 square meters with urea, potassium chloride 15 kg open acupuncture deep, large earth soil to promote the panicle, grain, grain weight. Ear silking period should be applied according to the growth of corn grain fertilizer, the leaves below the ear more yellow, stalk fine to make up the appropriate grain fertilizer, to prevent premature aging and increase grain weight, and vice versa. Granular fertilizer is mostly applied by external spraying.
3. Scientific management of water seedlings
Planting sweet corn depends on seedlings and seedlings to adjust fertilizers with water. In case of drought, it is necessary to pour enough water before planting, water jointing in the jointing, spike water in the booting, and grout water, so that shallow pouring and diligent pouring will be carried out to keep the soil moist and the water shall be drained in time when encountering flooding. 10 days before flowering and 20 days after flowering, ensure water supply, prevent premature failure of stems and leaves, ensure pollination, grouting, and improve the quality of corn; if there is more rain during the growth period, pay attention to drainage. Sweet corn in the seedling period in case of prolonged rainy weather, soil moisture content, production should take control of soil moisture to control the seedlings of nitrogen absorption, promote root growth. The main method is to increase the frequency of cultivating the soil caused by dry and wet soil, loose air permeability to reach strong roots, interbasal thick, enhance lodging resistance.
4. Artificially assisted pollination, emasculation and harvesting
Sweet corn should be artificially assisted in pollination in case of low temperature and rainy weather during heading, so as to reduce bald head and make grain full. Sweet corn tiller seedlings are difficult to emerge, and should be removed in time to avoid the consumption of nutrients and affect the growth of the main ear. Generally, only one of the top one plants per plant should be left, and the rest should be promptly removed.
Pest Control
Maize seedling pests mainly include tigers, earthworms, maggots, etc. They can be sprayed with 90% dipterex wettable powder 1000 times solution and root canal control. There are corn borer, armyworm, aphid, etc. at the late stage of growth, and 90% of trichlorfon can be used. Soluble powder 1500 ~ 2000 times liquid for prevention and treatment. Diseases such as sheath blight and rust are more common. Rhizoctonia solani can be treated with 5% Jinggangmycin 400 times liquid combined with insecticides to spray 2 or 3 times continuously, about 15 days apart. Rust can be used for 25% triadimefon wettability. Powder 800 times spray control. The use of drugs is prohibited 20 days before harvest to avoid residues of corn ear pesticides and to ensure the safety, nutrition, quality, and high yield of edible corn.
Timely harvest
The harvest period of sweet corn marketed with fresh fruit is generally in the late milking period, that is, the planting in spring and summer is 19 to 24 days after pollination, and the planting in autumn is appropriate 20 to 26 days after pollination, when the grain is full and full, the sugar content is sufficient. Highest, best quality. When the tip of the filaments turn brown, the temporal lobe is about to turn yellow. After harvesting, sun exposure should be prevented to avoid water loss and dryness, so as to maintain better quality and higher commodity value. Because sweet corn is mainly based on fresh food and processing and is not endurable for long-term storage after harvest, it should be matured to harvest a batch of batches to avoid premature or too late harvest to ensure the quality and yield of the ear.
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