Each plant must absorb various mineral elements during its growth and development to meet the needs of its own physiological activities. Cyclamen is a perennial bulbous flower. During its growth, it passes through the stages of bulb formation and plant summer. Compared with other plants, it has its uniqueness in its growth process, so it absorbs mineral elements. There is also a unique place to use it. This process of absorption and translocation of mineral elements by cyclamen is called cyclamen mineral nutrition and is a very complicated process. Here's an introduction to it.
The role of mineral elements
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Phosphorus and phosphorus are components of many enzymes. They can promote cell division and also participate in a series of metabolic processes in plants, such as photosynthesis and respiration. Phosphorus can promote the storage of soluble sugars in the cyclamen, thus improving the plant's resistance to stress; Phosphorus can also promote the development of plant roots and flower bud differentiation, and play an important role in the early and middle and late stages of the growth and development of cyclamen. .
Potassium and potassium generally exist in the form of ions, and their mobility is relatively large in the cyclamen plants, and they participate in part of the metabolic process and play a regulatory role. When the supply of potash is sufficient, it is conducive to the formation of protein, making the stems and leaves robust, and the stress resistance enhanced.
Sulfur is an important constituent of proteins and enzymes and plays an important role in the respiration process of plants. At the same time, sulfur also participates in the oxidation process in plants.
Calcium-calcium is present in the form of calcium pectin. It is the cell's kiln, frame, K, mu, and benzene.嫘 å€ å€ å€ å€ å€ åº· 康 康 康 康 康 康 康 康 康 康 康 康 康 康 锊 锊 锊 锊 锊 锊 female è…¥éŸ é™† 陆 陆 陆 陆 é‡ é‡ é‡ é‡ é‡ é‡ é• é• é• é• é• é• é• é• é• é• é• é• é• é• é• é• é• é• é• é• é• é• é•Magnesium plays an important role in photosynthesis, respiration and carbohydrate formation in cyclamen plants.
Ferro-iron is necessary for the formation of chlorophyll. Its mobility in plants is so small that it cannot be used again, so iron deficiency symptoms first appear on new leaves. The alkali-deficient areas in the north are prone to iron deficiency.
Boron and boron can promote the normal operation of carbohydrates and the development of reproductive organs. The lack of boron in Cyclamen plants will appear small shrinking, new leaf curl, malformation and other phenomena.
Manganese manganese is a structural component of chloroplasts involved in photosynthesis. It is also an activator of various enzymes and plays an important role in the breathing, protein synthesis and hydrolysis of cyclamen plants.
Zinc and zinc are components of various enzymes, and they hydrolyze and oxidize the materials in the plant. They are plated with thirsty coins, plated with enamel, and tanned (14) satin. The composition of the oxidase plays an important role in the redox reaction. It also participates in the respiration of plants and affects the absorption of iron by plants.
Molybdenum and molybdenum can promote the photosynthesis of plants and eliminate the toxic effects of active aluminum accumulation in plants in acidic soils.
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are the main elements that make up the plant body, accounting for more than 90% of the dry matter weight. They can be obtained from air and water. As for the role of chlorine on the growth and development of cyclamen is not very great, no longer described here.
Need fertilizer characteristics
In addition to the requirement for sufficient water supply, the cyclamen needs to absorb a variety of nutrients to meet its growth needs. Studies have shown that the nutrients that need to be absorbed by each pot cyclamen are approximately nitrogen: 1g, phosphorus 0.3g, potassium 2g, calcium 1g, and magnesium 0.4g.
Cyclamen is a perennial bulbous flower. Its absorption of various mineral elements in its different stages of growth and development has its own uniqueness, which is mainly reflected in the selectivity of the plant itself for absorption of various elements, that is, its absorption at different growth and development stages. The amount is different.
Seed germination period refers to a period of time from sowing to cotyledon emergence. In the process of seed germination, it mainly depends on the decomposition of nutrients stored by itself, so the fullness and maturity of the seeds are the intrinsic factors that directly affect the germination of seeds, and thus the nutritional status (ie, the period of grain filling) before the seeds are harvested. Whether or not the supply of phosphorus and potassium is sufficient will directly affect the growth and development of seeds, thus affecting the quality of seeds.
The bulb formation and root development period refers to the period from the cotyledon emergence to the emergence of 4 to 6 true leaves. This period is about 6 to 9 weeks after germination. During this period, bulbs gradually formed, the roots began to grow, the plants developed relatively slowly, and less nutrients were needed. With the continuous growth of young seedlings, the leaves of the plant also grew from 2 to 4 new leaves from a single cotyledon. During this period, the growth of young seedlings was mainly based on the formation of new shoots and the development of the root system, and the demand for phosphorus and potassium fertilizers was increased. Relatively more, it should be appropriate to add a little phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in this period to promote the growth and development of Cyclamen seedlings.
The initial accelerated growth period refers to a period of time from when 6 to 8 true leaves are grown to before summer. When the number of cyclamen leaves increased to 8-9, and the number of new shoots gradually increased, cyclamen entered the first accelerated growth period. During this period, the bulbs of Cyclamen continue to expand, the number of leaves also increased rapidly, the roots grew more vigorously, and the plants needed more nitrogen and potassium. Therefore, during this period, the use of nitrogen and potassium can be appropriately increased.
During the summer months, with the continuous increase in temperature, the growth of Cyclamen has gradually become slow. In July and August, Cyclamen growth has been very slow, due to higher temperatures, higher humidity, pests and diseases are also relatively Seriously, the cyclamen almost went to sleep. During this period, the absorption of potash by cyclamen is relatively high. In addition to measures such as ventilation and cooling, it is also possible to adopt a small number of methods to supplement some high potassium fertilizers. On the one hand, it can promote the enlargement of bulbs; on the other hand, it can also enhance the stress resistance of plants, so that it can safely pass through summer.
After the second accelerated growth period began in September, the temperature gradually turned cool, and Cyclamen entered its second vigorous growth period. During this period, the diameter of the cyclamen rapidly increased, the number of leaves gradually increased, and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium also gradually increased. If the nutrient is lacking, it will lead to various physiological obstacles, such as deficiency of the disease, Malformed flowers and so on, so the cyclamen must be provided with sufficient nutrients in order to ensure its normal growth and development.
The flower buds' concentrated differentiation period is about the middle and late stages of the quadratic accelerated growth of Cyclamen, and the flower buds have a stage of concentrated differentiation. In this stage, the number of flower buds increased significantly, and the plants absorbed more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and they should be properly supplemented with their dosages. At the same time, the amount of nitrogen fertilizers should be controlled to facilitate the differentiation and formation of flower buds.
After the flowering buds have been concentrated in the ornamental period, the pedicels of the cyclamen will continue to elongate, and the flowers will gradually open to enter the flowering stage. The number of cyclamen blossoms after entering the flowering period is the largest, and the flowers are the most beautiful. It is the best time to watch cyclamen. At this time, the absorption of nutrients by cyclamen basically tends to be balanced. Therefore, the use of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers must be taken into account to meet the needs of plant growth and flowering.
The cyclamen that need to be seeded during the fertility period should be allowed to take large, colorful, and sturdy plants during the viewing period. After pollination, the cyclamen will be strong enough to be sown in the coming year. During this period, the growth of cyclamen is dominated by reproductive growth, and the demand for phosphorus and potassium is relatively large. Therefore, a large amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be added to facilitate solidification. This can increase the fullness of the seeds and thus improve the quality.
Malnutrition disorders and prevention
The absorption of nutrients by cyclamen has its own particularities. If the nutrients in the matrix cannot meet or excess, it will have adverse effects on the growth of cyclamen plants. The common symptoms are as follows:
1. Symptoms and prevention methods of common cyclamen disorders (see attached table).
2. Symptoms of common supply disorders In the production process of cyclamen, in addition to the symptoms of a single element lacking or surplus, there are actually two or more elements in supply imbalances and imbalances in the supply of fertilizers in the period before and after, common situations. Have:
(1) Nitrogen (total amount) is less potassium. Symptoms of plant performance are: leaves are long, leaf stems are slender and small; balls are small and growth points are few; plants have poor disease resistance and are susceptible to pathogens.
(2) Excessive nitrate nitrogen fertilizer (unreasonable ratio of nitrate nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen). Symptoms of the plant showed: large and small leaves, such as pig ears, petiole thicker but not too hard, especially in the early growth of Cyclamen performance is more prominent. For cyclamen, the ratio of nitrate nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is generally 3:1. (4) Fission balls. The performance is as follows: longitudinal or transverse cracks appear on the surface of bulbs, and the sizes are different and the depth is different. This is mainly due to non-uniform fertilization before and after the period, a larger temperature difference and other reasons.
(5) The leaves are hidden. The performance is as follows: The peduncle does not normally pull out the leaf surface, and the flowers are opened under the leaves or even with the leaves. This situation is mainly due to the early supply of phosphorus, potassium and other elements, and the late supply of nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient, the night temperature is low and other reasons.
3. Differences between cyclamen deficiency and cyclamen mosaic disease. Cyclamen mosaic disease is more easily found in the production of Cyclamen, and its symptoms are easily confused with Cyclamen deficiency. It can be distinguished from the following aspects:
(1) The site of the disease is different. The deficiency symptoms usually only appear in the leaves of the cyclamen, or the old leaves or new leaves; and the virus disease can show symptoms in all the leaves of the cyclamen.
(2) There are different symptoms. The symptoms of deficiencies on the leaves, such as yellowing and mottle, are more regular; and the viral disease manifests on the leaves, such as the yellowing phenomenon, which is irregular, and the leaves are often accompanied by malformations, etc. Symptoms appear.
(3) Different control methods. Deficiency symptoms can be achieved by adding certain elements to restore normal green leaves; mosaic disease can not, it can only reduce the harm of the virus through anti-virus agents, (4) fissure. The performance is as follows: longitudinal or transverse cracks appear on the surface of bulbs, and the sizes are different and the depth is different. This is mainly due to non-uniform fertilization before and after the period, a larger temperature difference and other reasons.
(5) The leaves are hidden. The performance is as follows: The peduncle does not normally pull out the leaf surface, and the flowers are opened under the leaves or even with the leaves. This situation is mainly due to the early supply of phosphorus, potassium and other elements, and the late supply of nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient, the night temperature is low and other reasons.
3. Differences between cyclamen deficiency and cyclamen mosaic disease. Cyclamen mosaic disease is more easily found in the production of Cyclamen, and its symptoms are easily confused with Cyclamen deficiency. It can be distinguished from the following aspects:
(1) The site of the disease is different. The deficiency symptoms usually only appear in the leaves of the cyclamen, or the old leaves or new leaves; and the virus disease can show symptoms in all the leaves of the cyclamen.
(2) There are different symptoms. The symptoms of deficiencies on the leaves, such as yellowing and mottle, are more regular; and the viral disease manifests on the leaves, such as the yellowing phenomenon, which is irregular, and the leaves are often accompanied by malformations, etc. Symptoms appear.
(3) Different control methods. The deficiency symptoms can be supplemented with certain elements to restore normal green leaves; mosaic disease can not, it can only reduce the virus by anti-virus agents, generally not easy to eradicate.
Factors affecting nutrient uptake
In the process of growth and development of cyclamen, there are many factors affecting its absorption of nutrients, mainly including:
Internal factors
(1) Variety. There are great differences in the absorption of nutrient elements between different varieties of cyclamen. Relatively speaking, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in American varieties is more than that in other countries, while the Japanese varieties are different in calcium and magnesium. Absorption is relatively large, so pay attention to the difference in absorption between different varieties in the fertilization process, in order to adopt different fertilizer measures to meet the needs of different varieties of nutrients.
(2) Plant growth period. The absorption of nutrient elements in different stages of seedling, over summer, accelerating growth, viewing, and fruiting period of cyclamen is quite different. Fertilizing measures should be formulated according to the characteristics of fertilizer needed in each period.
(3) Plant growth. The strong growth of Cyclamen requires a large amount of nutrients, and it should increase the amount of fertilization. In contrast, Cyclamen, with a weaker growth potential, due to weaker physiological activity, the root development is not perfect, and the demand for nutrients is relatively small. Therefore, when fertilizing, it must be "a small number of times" in order to avoid the occurrence of fertilizer damage.
External factor
(1) Matrix.
The composition of the matrix is ​​different. Different composition of the cultivation matrix has a great influence on cyclamen absorption of nutrients. The self-made matrix organic compound has more components and more abundant trace elements. Under normal circumstances, it can meet the needs of cyclamen growth without using excessive trace elements. However, the organic content of imported peat or domestic peat is low, and it is used directly. The cultivation of the cyclamen, in the fertilization process should pay attention to the supplement of trace elements, so as to avoid the lack of phenomenon.
The porosity of the matrix. The size of the porosity also directly affects the physiological activity of the root system, which in turn affects the absorption of nutrients by the root system. A well-proportioned matrix, strong permeability to water, good water and nutrient retention, and a strong root growth rate.ç´« åŒ åŒ åŒ åŒ å€¼ 值 值 值 值 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?;æ—® æ—® æ—® 挡 挡 挡 ? ? 姓 姓 姓 暮粑 暮粑 暮粑 湟 湟 湟 湟 湟 湟 湟 湟 湟 湟 湟 湟 湟 湟 æ£ æ£ 10. 凇 . . . . . . . . . . . . .å–½ å–½ 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 粼诨 手 手 手 手 手 手 手 手 è‹‹è€ è‹‹è€ç¡æ°² ç…½ ç…½ 耘嗷 实 è¡· è¡· è¡· è¡· è¡· 3 è¡· ～ 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 0% 0% 0% 0% 5 5 5
The pH of the matrix. The ideal cyclamen culture medium has a pH of between 5.5 and 6.5. Of course, the pH is slightly higher or lower. The problem is not too great. However, the range of change should not be too large, otherwise it will directly affect the activity of the element and Cyclamen absorption of nutrients. The pH value of the matrix has a great influence on the effectiveness of the elements. The suitable pH values ​​for common elements are: the most suitable pH of N is 6-8, the most suitable pH of P is 6.5-7.5, and the optimum pH of K is pH value. For 6 to 7.5, the optimum pH for S is greater than 6, the optimum pH for Ca is 6.5 to 8.5, the optimum pH for Mg is 6.5 to 8.5, and the optimum pH for Fe is less than 6.5. The pH value is more than 6, the optimum pH of Mn is 5 6.56.5, and the optimum pH value of B, Zn, and Cu is 5 77.
The salt content of the matrix. The EC value of cyclamen culture substrate should be kept below 1mS/cm. If the EC value is too high, the root system of the plant is prone to dehydration, darkening, decay, etc., and the root hair is very likely to die, seriously affecting the absorption and utilization of nutrients by the root system. .
Matrix adsorption. Some substrates are prone to absorb some nutrients, which make them unable to be absorbed by the root system. For example, P, K, Ca, B, Mn, Mo, Zn, and Cu are easily adsorbed by peat and humus soils, and vermiculite is easily adsorbed by K. , B.
(2) Fertilizers.
Fertilizer composition. The reasonable proportion of various nutrient elements in fertilizer will directly affect the growth and development of cyclamen. There are differences in the absorption of various nutrient elements in different birth periods of cyclamen. For example, in the cyclamen expansion period, the absorption of potassium fertilizer is greater, and the demand for nitrogen fertilizer is greater in the vigorous growth period of the leaves. Therefore, fertilizers with different contents should be used in different fertility periods of cyclamen to make It exerts its greatest effect.
The acidity of the fertilizer. The acidity and alkalinity of fertilizers dissolved in water is called chemical acidity and alkalinity. The fertilizers with acidic aqueous solution are called chemical acid fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride. The fertilizers with alkaline solution are chemical alkaline fertilizers such as carbonic acid. Hydrogen ammonium. After the cyclamen has absorbed the elements in the fertilizer, the remaining ions can increase or decrease the acidity and alkalinity of the matrix. This property of the fertilizer is called physiological acidity and alkalinity. For example, ammonium sulfate is a physiological acid fertilizer, and potassium nitrate is physiologically neutral. Fertilizer, sodium nitrate is a physiological alkaline fertilizer, etc. Therefore, these factors should be fully taken into consideration during fertilization of cyclamen to prepare a more reasonable nutrient solution.
Fertilizer EC value. Every time during the fertilization process, the EC value of fertilizer should be determined. Generally, the suitable EC value of cyclamen is about 0.8 mS/cm at seedling stage and 1.2 to 1.5 mS/cm at flowering stage. If the EC value is too low, the supply of nutrients is insufficient. If the EC value is too high, it is easy to cause damage to the root system and the purity of the fertilizer should be applied. The amount of nutrients in the fertilizer also has some influence on the absorption of nutrients in the root system, especially when the nutrient solution is self-contained. The purity of the fertilizer must be considered. The nutrient solution formulated with a relatively low-purity fertilizer sometimes has an overall concentration that is already high, but the content of the element cannot meet the requirement. Such a nutrient solution cannot meet the needs of plant growth during the application process. If you increase the use of fertilizers at this time, you should use fertilizers with higher purity (above the level of chemical purity) to prepare the nutrient solution.
Fertilizer solubility. Fertilizers with good solubility do not generally appear to precipitate, and fertilizers with poor solubility tend to precipitate after being formulated into a nutrient solution. If such a nutrient solution is used, it will be easy to cause contamination to cyclamen leaves, affecting both the plant growth and the ornamental effect. The effect, so the solubility of the fertilizer must be better.
(3) Moisture.
The pH of the water. The pH value of the water suitable for growth in cyclamen is generally 5.5-6.5. In this environment, the root development of cyclamen is fast and good, and over-acid and over-alkali will have adverse effects on root growth.
The EC value of water. The EC value of water should generally be less than 0.2mS/cm. If the EC value is too high, it will not only affect the solubility of the fertilizer, but also cause the leaves to have excessive salt residue, thus affecting the ornamental effect.
Water temperature. The water temperature suitable for cyclamen to absorb nutrients is generally between 12°C and 15°C. Too high and too low will affect the absorption function of the root system.
Dissolved oxygen. Dissolved oxygen prior to use should be nearly saturated.
(4) Temperature. Cyclamens are suitable for growing at a temperature between 18°C ​​and 22°C. In this temperature range, Cyclamens have the most vigorous life activities, the most nutrients they need, the strong absorption function, and the fastest growth rate. When the temperature is too low (<10°C) or too high (>28°C), the life activities of the cyclamen are gradually weakened, and the absorption of nutrients will be reduced accordingly, so maintaining a suitable temperature is conducive to the absorption of nutrients by the cyclamen.
(5) Humidity. The relative humidity of cyclamen suitable for growing is 65% to 85%. If the ambient humidity is low (<65%), the plant growth is slow, and the leaf wilts when severe, affecting the normal transpiration of the plant, thereby indirectly affecting the root system. Absorption function; When the plant is in a relatively high relative humidity (>85%) environment for a long time, due to the excessive humidity, the transpiration is slow, and it is easy to make the water in the leaf to undergo a physiological imbalance. In this environment, the cyclamen It is also extremely vulnerable to pests and diseases, which is not conducive to plant growth and is not conducive to the absorption of nutrients.
(6) Light. The appropriate light intensity of cyclamen ranges from 15,000 to 40000 lux. When the light intensity is too low (<15000 lux), the photosynthetic activity of Cyclamen plants is weak, and the absorption function is poor. When the light intensity is too high (>60000 lux) The photosynthetic rate decreased gradually, nutrient consumption was greater than that of synthesis, and it was also not conducive to plant nutrient absorption.
(7) Pests and diseases. Pest and harm will directly weaken the growth potential of cyclamen, some pests directly bite the root system, such as earthworms, tigers, etc.; and some pests are sucking plant juices, such as locusts, crickets, etc., the harm of these pests will directly affect the immortality The physiological metabolic activities of customers come to influence the absorption of nutrients.
(8) The interaction of nutrients. There are mutual promotion or mutual antagonism between different nutrient elements. Due to the interaction of these ions, it will also have a direct impact on the absorption function of cyclamen. The interactions between nutrient elements are as follows: Reasonable fertilization methods
Determining a reasonable fertilization method should be considered based on the following aspects:
Different types of fertilization objects have different nutrient absorption. Generally for American varieties, due to their large absorption of N, P, and K, the proportion of these three elements should be appropriately increased during the fertilization process; for Japanese varieties, attention should be paid to the supplementation of Ca and Mg ions, such as Take foliar spray 0.2% magnesium sulfate, or 0.3% calcium nitrate and other measures to fully meet the needs of their own growth and development.
Plant growth period of different seedling age, fertilizer measures are not the same.
(1) Seed germination period. For plants that are in the seed germination stage, fertilization is generally not required because they require very little fertilizer.
(2) Bulb formation and root development. During this period, various balance fertilizers can be used. The main types of fertilizers include "Muiyou" brand compound fertilizer and "Hua Duo Duo" compound fertilizer or self-balanced fertilizer. The N:P:K ratio is 20:20:20 or 20:10. : 20, concentration is 1500-2000 times, once in 7-10 days.
(3) The initial accelerated growth period. In order to make the plant growth more uniform, high potassium fertilizer (15:15:30) and balanced fertilizer (20:20:20 or 20:10:20) can be applied alternately during fertilization, and the concentration can be adjusted to 1000-1500 times. 7 to 10 days once.
(4) Late summer. During the summer of the plant, in order to enhance the plant's stress resistance, high potassium fertilizer should be applied (ie, 15:15:30 fertilizer; in other hot areas, N:P:K 7:11:27 can be applied. Fertilizer), which can promote its safety in summer.
(5) Secondary accelerated growth period. In the second accelerated growth period, the application of balanced fertilizer should be the main method, with the application of a certain amount of high-potassium fertilizer (for example, every two application of balanced fertilizer, and then the application of high-potassium fertilizer at intervals, alternating use), which can promote the rapid development of plant type Expansion can also promote the growth of bulbs.
(6) Flower buds are concentrated during differentiation. During this period, the management of the plants should be strengthened. P and K fertilizers should be added. The potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1000-fold solution can be sprayed on the leaves for 7 to 10 days to facilitate flower bud formation.
(7) The viewing period. After entering the viewing period, you can use a balanced fertilizer (20:20:20 or 20:10:20) at a concentration of 1000 to 1500 times every 10 days.
(8) The solid period. The adequacy of nutrient supply during this period will directly affect the quality of seeds. Therefore, the use of P and K fertilizers should be strengthened, and part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be topdressed at a concentration of 1000 to 1500 times to facilitate the rapid growth of seeds.
Plant growth When the growth potential of the plant is weak, several balance fertilizers can be used consecutively, combined with foliar spraying of 0.2% urea, and when the growth potential of the plant is more prosperous, high potassium fertilizer is used; when the plant leaves have a tendency to grow It is possible to apply several times of high-potassium fertilizer. This kind of “strong and weak†method can make the plants grow well and develop fully. For the prevention and treatment of the deficiency symptoms, the foliar spraying method can be used. What elements are missing are what should be sprayed. It should not be used blindly to avoid unnecessary single salt poisoning.
During the fertilization period in Cyclamen's annual growth cycle, the absorption of nutrient elements varies from period to season. In general, the potassium absorption peaks from May to September, and the absorption of nitrogen and calcium peaks from August to October. The peak of absorption is from September to October, so pay attention to the seasonal changes during the fertilization process. The supply of different elements should be appropriately increased in different months. For example, in September and October, 0.2% urea and 0.2% sulfuric acid can be sprayed on the foliage. Magnesium mixture for cyclamen growth.
Fertilizer application time should generally be selected in sunny days and appropriate temperature in the morning is appropriate, do not fertilize at noon, and try not to apply fertilizer in the afternoon, because the afternoon fertilization (especially liquid fertilizer) is easy to make the humidity at night more caused by the invasion of pathogens, Affects plant health.
Different substrates for cultivating substrates differ in fertilization practices.
(1) The organic content of the matrix. For domestically produced self-contained matrices (especially those added with organic fertilizers), the supplementation (or little supplementation) of trace elements is generally not used in the fertilization process, and the cultivation is only carried out with imported peat (or domestic peat). Cyclamen, in the process of plant growth should be to strengthen the supplement of trace elements (supplemental methods can refer to the prevention and treatment of nutrient deficiency), otherwise it is easy to lack of symptoms.
(2) The salt content of the matrix. When the salinity in the matrix is ​​high, the fertilization measures should also be slightly adjusted. On the one hand, the method of “washing the root with large water†can be used to flood the substrate several times to flush away excess salt from the substrate; on the other hand, the fertilization concentration should be reduced to avoid excessive salt residues in the matrix. The normal growth of the root system.
(3) The difference in the pH of the matrix. Well-prepared cyclamen culture medium should generally have a pH of 5.5-6.5. If the pH of the substrate is lower than 5.5, add a small amount of lime or calcium nitrate to the matrix to neutralize or increase the pH of the matrix. When the pH is higher than 6.5, appropriate amounts of sulfur or ammonium sulfate can be added to the matrix to neutralize or weaken the pH of the matrix so that the pH of the matrix tends to be reasonable.
Different moisture and moisture, fertilizer measures are also different.
(1) Difference in pH of water. Over-acid or over-alkali moisture is not conducive to the dissolution of fertilizers, nor is it conducive to the absorption of nutrients by cyclamen. For alkaline water in the north, acidity can be adjusted by adjusting the acidity, that is, by adding an appropriate amount of dilute sulfuric acid or dilute hydrochloric acid to the water to lower the pH of the water so as to reach the optimum range.
(2) Difference in the EC value of water. If the salt content in the water is too high, it should be treated before use. The easiest way is to “sweep†the water and put the water in the open pond for 2 to 3 days exposure. Take the upper half of the pool to dilute the fertilizer, and the effect is better. In addition, you can add the appropriate amount of oxalic acid to the water (oxalic acid: Water is generally 1:1500-2000). This can cause excessive calcium and magnesium ions in the water to form a white precipitate. After the water quality is cleared, the supernatant can be used to dilute the fertilizer. In areas with better conditions, the treated waste should be used as much as possible. Pure water is ideal.
(3) Water temperature. The optimum temperature for the growth of cyclamen roots is 12°C～15°C. Fertilizer temperature should be kept as far as possible within this range in order to facilitate the absorption and utilization of nutrients.
Fertilizer Usage and Dosage The method of cyclamen fertilization is generally followed by methods such as topdressing liquid fertilizer, applicator granular fertilizer and leaf spraying, and the time and amount of use thereof are different.
(1) Liquid fertilizer. Generally used more in the process of plant growth, mainly to top dressing. The application method is as follows: the prepared fertilizer can be directly poured into the basin, the amount of each basin may depend on the size of the basin, 15cm pots each pot about 300ml, 20cm pots per pot about 500ml. The amount of fertilizer should be sufficient to moisten the substrate without excessive nutrient solution outflow, so as to avoid excessive nutrient loss.
(2) Granular fertilizer. A certain amount of granular fertilizer (N:P:K is 15:15:15) can be mixed into the matrix, about 3 grams per kilogram of substrate, and it can also be sprinkled into the pot during the growth of the plant for top dressing. use. The application site should be as far as possible on the edge of the bowl or away from the root, to avoid direct contact with the roots of the plant and injure the roots. 15cm pots sprinkle about 15 to 20 grains per pot, 20cm pots sprinkle about 20 to 25 grains per pot, and they should be irrigated after spreading, which is good for the dissolution and absorption of fertilizer.
(3) Top dressing. Most of them are used to supplement trace elements and to treat deficiency sensations, and their use concentration should not be too high. Usually 0.1% to 0.3% can be. In addition, spraying time should be used as early as 10:00 a.m. in sunny days, when the temperature is relatively suitable (approx. 20° C.), and if there are special circumstances, it can be used after 4:00 PM. This can give full play to the fertilizer effect, which is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of plants. .
Rational blending of fertilizers Rational blending of fertilizers not only saves labor and time, but also increases the availability of fertilizers. However, not all fertilizers can be mixed, for example, urea can not be mixed with potassium nitrate, but can be mixed with potassium sulfate; calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate can not be mixed, but with the use of potassium sulfate to be mixed with and so on. These conditions should be taken care of during the preparation of the nutrient solution.
Fertilizer concentration and frequency The fertilization concentration of cyclamen is generally inversely proportional to the frequency of fertilization. When the concentration of fertilized water is high, the number of fertilization should be reduced and the interval between fertilization should be appropriately extended. When the concentration of fertilized water is low, the frequency of fertilization should be accelerated, that is, the number of fertilization should be increased accordingly. For cyclamen, the general principle of fertilization is to “get thin and fat, and eat small meals,†which will not only benefit the growth of cyclamen, but also avoid the occurrence of fertilizer damage.
In short, the fertilizer and water management of cyclamen must be based on time, place, soil and fat. Only by mastering the actual situation at that time and local conditions can a reasonable method of fertilization be developed so as to achieve a multiplier effect.
Fresh Potato another name is Holland Potato .New harvest 2018 fresh Potato 60-100g,60-150g,Supply time:Fresh season since May to November,this size main export to Sri Lanka market.Package usually use 21kg/yellow double mesh bag.Quality standard:fresh,clean,no bud,no rotten,shiy yellow,natural yellow skin.We are not only do Potato 60-100G ,60-150g,but also Potato 100-200g , Potato 150-175g , Potato 100-150G , Potato 75-150g ,packed in 3.5kg/carton,4.7kg/carton,5kg/carton and mesh bag,10kg/carton and mesh bag or follow customers requirement.Loading time:within10days after received the prepay. Loading port:Qingdao Port China.We can supply 800tons/month.Honest,top quality,best service is our company idea,Let's service for you with our rich experience please.We also supplied Fresh Ginger ,Air Dried Ginger , Fresh Garlic , White Garlic ,red garlic. Sweet Corn , Fresh Taro , Fresh Baby Mandarin, Fresh Red Grape , Fresh Pomelo , Fresh Ya Pear Chaotian Chili , Paprika Powder , Fresh Apple and so on.
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Jining Fuyuan Fruits And Vegetables Co., Ltd. , https://www.fuyuanfv.com