Petunia cultivation and management techniques

First, sowing nursery. Petunias can be planted all year round in protected areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Since the general flowering period is controlled on May 1 and National Day, the sowing time will be sown in October-November and spring sowing in June-July. Pre-planting media, irrigating the water, sowing fine seeds wet seeds after sowing, the seeds can not cover any medium, otherwise it will affect the germination. After sowing, the medium temperature was maintained at 22-24°C and emerged in 4-7 days. The first pair of true leaves appeared after application of 5010-6 nitrogen fertilizer solution, and pay attention to ventilation, seedlings can gradually see light. Seedlings appear 2-3 pairs of true leaves, the medium temperature can be reduced to 18-20 °C, every 7-10 days, 0.1% urea solution or 15-15-15 NPK application of 0.1% compound fertilizer solution. At this stage, attention should be paid to ventilation to prevent the occurrence of diseases. Spray chlorothalonil or thiophanate-methyl 800-1000 times every other week. When there are 3 pairs of true leaves in the plant, the roots have been well formed and the temperature, humidity, and fertilization requirements are the same as before. Attention should still be paid to ventilation and disease prevention.

Second, transplant the basin. With 288-point seedlings for raising seedlings, autumn sowing directly into the 13 cm diameter nutrient bowl, spring sowing generally only into the 10 cm diameter nutrient bowl. Can also be colonized on the seedbed, and then moved into the nutritional bowl.

(1) Lighting adjustment. Petunia's summer production is relatively high-temperature, generally only after a few days of transplanting shade, slow seedlings, do not need shade throughout the growth period.

(2) Temperature control. The temperature of petunia after transplanting is controlled at about 20°C, not lower than 15°C. If the temperature is too low, it will delay flowering or even flowering. In actual production, it is required that the flowering of the National Day should be carried out in a greenhouse to avoid blooming due to the low temperature before the National Day; it is required to bloom in May 1st, but it can also be produced in the open field, but it must be ensured that the winter frost does not fall directly on Leaves, otherwise the leaves will appear white spots, affecting the viewing effect. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, protection facilities are generally used for cultivation.

Third, cultivation and management. Watering always follows the principle of refraining from pouring or pouring. For the production of potted plants in the summer, seedlings should be applied for thin fertilizers in the early growth stage, fertilizers should have high nitrogen and potassium levels, phosphorus should be low, urea can be selected for nitrogen fertilizers, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to the compound fertilizers should be 15-15-15 or nitrogen. The potassium concentration is controlled at 0.1%-0.2%, and the water-soluble fertilizers are generally selected between 20-10-20 and 14-0-14 in concentrations of 5010-6-10010-6. The production of potted plants in winter will be conducted in March-April. The compound fertilizer will be applied. According to the growth conditions, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer will be applied. Petunia production is generally not dealt with by topping, but in the summer it requires topping. Petunia is more resistant to pruning. If it fails to sell for the first time, it can be pruned once. Afterwards, it can be sold by changing the basin, diligently applying thin fertilizer, and properly maintaining it. Generally, it does not affect the quality.

Fourth, pest and disease control. The diseases of Petunia are mainly seedling stage damping-off disease (control with chlorothalonil and thiophanate-methyl 800-1000 times solution) and stalk rot during growing season; the main insect pests are Plutella xylostella, aphids and leaf roller moth, especially in National Day. Flower production is more common. Aphids generally cannot be sprayed with cypermethrin, which can easily cause phytotoxicity and affect growth.

Fifth, the quality of the garden. Potted flowers produced in winter, adopting a 12-cm-diameter nutrient bowl, crowns generally between 20 and 25 centimeters in length, with a neat, plump and uniform flowering pattern; summer production of potted flowers using 10 centimeters of nutrient bowls, crowns generally at 15 - 18 cm. Petunias can be transported long distances.

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