FluorCam Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Technology Application Case (Phase 4)
——FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology in China
As the earliest practical chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology, FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology is the world's most authoritative, widely used, most comprehensive, and most published chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology. FluorCam has developed more than a dozen models covering everything from chloroplasts, individual cells, microalgae to leaves, fruits, flowers, and even whole plants and plants. It can measure almost all plant samples, even chlorophyll-containing microorganisms. animal. The Ecolab Ecology Lab has summarized nearly 500 articles related to FluorCam's SCI reference, and can contact the Ecolab Ecology Laboratory (, ) for a bibliography and full text.
To learn more about FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology, please click on the following link:
FluorCam Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Technology
FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology was first introduced to China at the beginning of the 21st century, but it was not until 2010 that domestic scientists gradually discovered the great value of this technology in international exchanges. In just a few years, this technology was also published. Dozens of high-level SCI literature. This issue mainly introduces the current application of FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology in China.
I. Photosynthetic Physiology of Plants Chlorophyll fluorescence can directly reflect the physiological state of plant photosystems. Therefore, it has been used in various plant photosynthetic physiology studies since the invention of chlorophyll fluorescence technology.
Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences used FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology to study the differences in photosynthetic capacity between wheat flag leaves and exposed pedicels [1]. It was found that the maximum photochemical efficiency Fv/Fm and quantum yield ΦPSII of flag leaf and exposed stalk were basically the same in the middle stage of wheat growth. However, in the late growth stage, the photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves decreased significantly, while the photosynthetic capacity of pedicels decreased less than that of flag leaves (Fig. 1). This proves that the peduncle is more important for maintaining grain growth during the late filling stage.
Later, they studied the changes in photosynthetic characteristics during the seasonal senescence of wheat leaves and glumes and during the development of caryopsis [2; 3, Figure 2].
2. Study on plant bio/abiotic stress and resistance
Since almost all kinds of biotic/abiotic stresses affect the normal physiological functions of plant photosynthetic systems, chlorophyll fluorescence technology is recognized as the most sensitive non-destructive probe for plant photosynthetic function research. Therefore, FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology can not only reflect the differences in stress and stress resistance of plants, but also indicate the specific mechanism of stress affecting photosynthesis systems.
1. Nutrient deficiency Shandong Agricultural University used FluorCam to study the changes of photosynthetic characteristics of two maize under different nitrogen application conditions [4]. The study found that the application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the maximum photochemical efficiency Fv/Fm and quantum yield ΦPSII of the two varieties, while the increase of ΦPSII was higher than Fv/Fm, indicating that the actual functional activity of nitrogen fertilizer on PSII is more effect. At the same time, the increase of fluorescence parameters of maize variety HZ4 is also higher than that of Q319, which should be due to HZ4 being a non-green maize with low N efficiency (Fig. 3).
Third, plant photosynthetic genomics and molecular research
Plant photosynthesis can be said to be the most important function of plants to humans and even the entire biosphere. On the one hand, it provides energy and food directly or indirectly to other organisms, and on the other hand, it plays a key role in the earth's carbon-oxygen cycle. Therefore, the research on plant photosynthesis functional genes has always been the top priority of plant genomics and molecular biology research. While chlorophyll fluorescence directly reflects the phenotypic changes of related functional genes , almost all studies related to photosynthetic genes use chlorophyll fluorescence technology for phenotypic screening and gene function verification.
1. From photosynthetic phenotype to gene function phenotype to gene function
Researcher Zhang Lixin of the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences is the first scientist to introduce FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology into China. The Key Laboratory of Photobiology of Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences is the most advanced research unit of plant photosynthetic gene related research. FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology was introduced immediately after photosynthetic related gene function and phenotypic study.
In 2006, Zhang Lixin's research team used FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology to study the photochemical abilities of the photosystem II of the ppt1 mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana, and proved the importance of phosphate transporter for maintaining normal photosynthesis in the late stage of leaf growth [11]. (Figure 6).
Later, both the Zhang Lixin team and the Peng Lianwei team published a number of photos related to plant photosynthetic genes using FluorCam [12; 13].
Peng Lianwei studied the stability of the NADH dehydrogenase complex [14] and found that lhuca5 lhca6 pgr5, lhca6 pgr5 and crr4-2 pgr5 Arabidopsis mutants produced growth resistance under the light intensity of 50 μmol photons / m2.s. Hysteresis and showed high chlorophyll fluorescence (Fig. 7A, B). This indicates that both the photosynthetic electron transport activity and the NDH activity of these mutants were inhibited. Further analysis of ΦPSII at different light intensities showed that the ΦPSII levels of wild-type, lhca5 and lhca6 mutants were similar, indicating that Lhca5 and Lhca6 are not required for photosynthetic electron transport (Fig. 7C). The ΦPSII levels of lhca6 pgr5 and lhca5 lhca6 pgr5 were significantly reduced. It was found by other results that the PSI of these mutants was photoinhibited and oxidative stress occurred under low light conditions.
In a follow-up study, the Peng Lianwei team also used FluorCam to discover the important role of the NdhV subunit in the stability of the NADH dehydrogenase complex [15]. Dr. Zhang Lin of the team used the FluorCam closed fluorescence imaging system to screen for photosynthetic electron transport-regulated mutants from T-DNA insertion or EMS-mutated Arabidopsis mutant libraries, and focused on the function of bfa3. Published in the international academic journal Plant Physiology [16] in April 2016. With this scientific discovery, Dr. Zhang Lin won the first prize of Yi Ketai's FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging excellent paper.
Another unit in China that uses FluorCam technology for photosynthetic gene research is Northwestern Agriculture and Forestry University. Although they introduced instrument technology late, they published two high-level articles soon after purchasing the FluorCam open chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system, and studied several gene functions related to Arabidopsis chloroplast development and leaf color [17; 18] (Figure 8).
The team of young research and doctoral tutor of the Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chanhong Kim, has been using the FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system during his work at the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich and the Boys Thompson Institute at Cornell University. Plant Cell has published several related articles. In 2014, Chanhong Kim purchased a FluorCam closed chlorophyll fluorescence/GFP imaging system immediately after working at the Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences. He used this system to perform rapid screening of GFP-expressing plants on the one hand (Fig. 9), and on the other hand, the study of the occurrence of singlet oxygen and EXECUTER1 mediated signals in the granules. This latest research was published in 2016 as well. PNAS [19].
Shenyang Agricultural University also used FluorCam technology to study the light and characteristics of mutants with slow growth and thylakoid reduction in Chinese cabbage [20].
2. From gene function to photosynthetic phenotype
In some studies, photosynthetic gene function is basically determined by other methods. However, whether the phenotype expressed by this gene is in line with expectations or whether the photosynthetic phenotype must be verified by FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology.
China Agricultural University cooperated with EcoLab Ecological Laboratory of Yiketai Ecological Technology Co., Ltd. to clone the violaxanthin deoxygenase gene (CsVDE) from cucumber, and then transgenic the antisense fragment of this gene into Arabidopsis thaliana. [twenty one]. It was found that under high light stress conditions, the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana was significantly lower than that of wild type, which proved the important role of CsVDE in lutein cycle and PSII photoinhibition sensitivity (Fig. 10). ).
——FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology in China
As the earliest practical chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology, FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology is the world's most authoritative, widely used, most comprehensive, and most published chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology. FluorCam has developed more than a dozen models covering everything from chloroplasts, individual cells, microalgae to leaves, fruits, flowers, and even whole plants and plants. It can measure almost all plant samples, even chlorophyll-containing microorganisms. animal. The Ecolab Ecology Lab has summarized nearly 500 articles related to FluorCam's SCI reference, and can contact the Ecolab Ecology Laboratory (, ) for a bibliography and full text.
To learn more about FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology, please click on the following link:
FluorCam Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Technology
FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology was first introduced to China at the beginning of the 21st century, but it was not until 2010 that domestic scientists gradually discovered the great value of this technology in international exchanges. In just a few years, this technology was also published. Dozens of high-level SCI literature. This issue mainly introduces the current application of FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology in China.
I. Photosynthetic Physiology of Plants Chlorophyll fluorescence can directly reflect the physiological state of plant photosystems. Therefore, it has been used in various plant photosynthetic physiology studies since the invention of chlorophyll fluorescence technology. Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences used FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology to study the differences in photosynthetic capacity between wheat flag leaves and exposed pedicels [1]. It was found that the maximum photochemical efficiency Fv/Fm and quantum yield ΦPSII of flag leaf and exposed stalk were basically the same in the middle stage of wheat growth. However, in the late growth stage, the photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves decreased significantly, while the photosynthetic capacity of pedicels decreased less than that of flag leaves (Fig. 1). This proves that the peduncle is more important for maintaining grain growth during the late filling stage.
Later, they studied the changes in photosynthetic characteristics during the seasonal senescence of wheat leaves and glumes and during the development of caryopsis [2; 3, Figure 2].
2. Study on plant bio/abiotic stress and resistance
Since almost all kinds of biotic/abiotic stresses affect the normal physiological functions of plant photosynthetic systems, chlorophyll fluorescence technology is recognized as the most sensitive non-destructive probe for plant photosynthetic function research. Therefore, FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology can not only reflect the differences in stress and stress resistance of plants, but also indicate the specific mechanism of stress affecting photosynthesis systems.
1. Nutrient deficiency Shandong Agricultural University used FluorCam to study the changes of photosynthetic characteristics of two maize under different nitrogen application conditions [4]. The study found that the application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the maximum photochemical efficiency Fv/Fm and quantum yield ΦPSII of the two varieties, while the increase of ΦPSII was higher than Fv/Fm, indicating that the actual functional activity of nitrogen fertilizer on PSII is more effect. At the same time, the increase of fluorescence parameters of maize variety HZ4 is also higher than that of Q319, which should be due to HZ4 being a non-green maize with low N efficiency (Fig. 3).
Third, plant photosynthetic genomics and molecular research
Plant photosynthesis can be said to be the most important function of plants to humans and even the entire biosphere. On the one hand, it provides energy and food directly or indirectly to other organisms, and on the other hand, it plays a key role in the earth's carbon-oxygen cycle. Therefore, the research on plant photosynthesis functional genes has always been the top priority of plant genomics and molecular biology research. While chlorophyll fluorescence directly reflects the phenotypic changes of related functional genes , almost all studies related to photosynthetic genes use chlorophyll fluorescence technology for phenotypic screening and gene function verification.
1. From photosynthetic phenotype to gene function phenotype to gene function
Researcher Zhang Lixin of the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences is the first scientist to introduce FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology into China. The Key Laboratory of Photobiology of Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences is the most advanced research unit of plant photosynthetic gene related research. FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology was introduced immediately after photosynthetic related gene function and phenotypic study.
In 2006, Zhang Lixin's research team used FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology to study the photochemical abilities of the photosystem II of the ppt1 mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana, and proved the importance of phosphate transporter for maintaining normal photosynthesis in the late stage of leaf growth [11]. (Figure 6).
Later, both the Zhang Lixin team and the Peng Lianwei team published a number of photos related to plant photosynthetic genes using FluorCam [12; 13].
Peng Lianwei studied the stability of the NADH dehydrogenase complex [14] and found that lhuca5 lhca6 pgr5, lhca6 pgr5 and crr4-2 pgr5 Arabidopsis mutants produced growth resistance under the light intensity of 50 μmol photons / m2.s. Hysteresis and showed high chlorophyll fluorescence (Fig. 7A, B). This indicates that both the photosynthetic electron transport activity and the NDH activity of these mutants were inhibited. Further analysis of ΦPSII at different light intensities showed that the ΦPSII levels of wild-type, lhca5 and lhca6 mutants were similar, indicating that Lhca5 and Lhca6 are not required for photosynthetic electron transport (Fig. 7C). The ΦPSII levels of lhca6 pgr5 and lhca5 lhca6 pgr5 were significantly reduced. It was found by other results that the PSI of these mutants was photoinhibited and oxidative stress occurred under low light conditions.
In a follow-up study, the Peng Lianwei team also used FluorCam to discover the important role of the NdhV subunit in the stability of the NADH dehydrogenase complex [15]. Dr. Zhang Lin of the team used the FluorCam closed fluorescence imaging system to screen for photosynthetic electron transport-regulated mutants from T-DNA insertion or EMS-mutated Arabidopsis mutant libraries, and focused on the function of bfa3. Published in the international academic journal Plant Physiology [16] in April 2016. With this scientific discovery, Dr. Zhang Lin won the first prize of Yi Ketai's FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging excellent paper.
Another unit in China that uses FluorCam technology for photosynthetic gene research is Northwestern Agriculture and Forestry University. Although they introduced instrument technology late, they published two high-level articles soon after purchasing the FluorCam open chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system, and studied several gene functions related to Arabidopsis chloroplast development and leaf color [17; 18] (Figure 8).
The team of young research and doctoral tutor of the Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chanhong Kim, has been using the FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system during his work at the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich and the Boys Thompson Institute at Cornell University. Plant Cell has published several related articles. In 2014, Chanhong Kim purchased a FluorCam closed chlorophyll fluorescence/GFP imaging system immediately after working at the Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences. He used this system to perform rapid screening of GFP-expressing plants on the one hand (Fig. 9), and on the other hand, the study of the occurrence of singlet oxygen and EXECUTER1 mediated signals in the granules. This latest research was published in 2016 as well. PNAS [19]. Shenyang Agricultural University also used FluorCam technology to study the light and characteristics of mutants with slow growth and thylakoid reduction in Chinese cabbage [20].
2. From gene function to photosynthetic phenotype
In some studies, photosynthetic gene function is basically determined by other methods. However, whether the phenotype expressed by this gene is in line with expectations or whether the photosynthetic phenotype must be verified by FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology.
China Agricultural University cooperated with EcoLab Ecological Laboratory of Yiketai Ecological Technology Co., Ltd. to clone the violaxanthin deoxygenase gene (CsVDE) from cucumber, and then transgenic the antisense fragment of this gene into Arabidopsis thaliana. [twenty one]. It was found that under high light stress conditions, the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana was significantly lower than that of wild type, which proved the important role of CsVDE in lutein cycle and PSII photoinhibition sensitivity (Fig. 10). ).
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