Early spring sowing vegetables are mainly grown in large and medium-sized sheds in the early stage of cultivation. It is especially important to master key cultivation techniques.
First, seed treatment options
High-quality melon varieties, soaking seeds and germination.
(1) Soaking seeds: The dried seeds are soaked in warm water of 55-60 ° C for 15 minutes, continuously stirred, and then soaked in water at 28-30 ° C for about 6 hours.
(2) germination: Wrap the soaked seeds with a damp cloth, keep the temperature at 25-30 °C during the day, 18-20 °C at night, and 80% of the seeds are white and then planted on sunny days.
Second, sowing, seedling
1. It is best to sown watermelon in the sowing period before the mid-February electric hotbed; melon, pumpkin, cucumber, melon, bitter gourd, loofah, etc.
2, seedling management: (1) bed soil preparation should be done before the planting of the bed soil disinfection treatment, the production of commonly used five generations of mixture, Wufu mixture or mixed seedlings plus Fumei double mixed disinfection, the amount of culture soil per cubic meter 50 -80g, can prevent the disease during the seedling period and blight. The seedbed should be poured with water.
(2) Seedbed management After planting, cover a layer of fine soil, flatten the mulch, and also set up a small arch shed and cover the straw curtain to prevent spring cold. The temperature in the shed is kept at 20-25 °C. More light should be seen in the shed, the soil moisture should be appropriate, pay attention to ventilation and disease prevention, and promote the emergence of seedlings and emergence.
(3) When the seedling seedlings have 1-2 true leaves, they should be transplanted to the nutrient seedlings in time, and pay attention to maintain the temperature and humidity in the shed and cultivate strong seedlings.
Third, field management
1. Fertilizer and water management should be followed by pouring a slow seedling water, and combined with watering to apply seedling fertilizer, 500-700kg of diluted manure water per acre. After flowering and fruit setting, apply once augmented melon fertilizer, apply 20kg of urea per acre or 15kg of diammonium phosphate. After entering the harvesting period, it is often necessary to topdress and water the water. Generally, it is required to harvest once, topdress once, and water once a week. In the fruiting period, heavy fertilizer should be applied and water should be poured every 3-4 days.
2, plant adjustment due to melons and vegetables melons generally rely mainly on the main vines, can be single vine or double vine type vine method. The single vine method only retains the main vine, and all the vines are removed; in addition to the main vine, the double vines also choose to keep a vigorous vine, and the other side vines are removed.
3. Artificial pollination In order to improve the fruit setting rate and the number of melons per plant, artificial pollination should be preferred. The pollination time should be chosen at around 9 am on a sunny day.
Fourth, pest control
1. Seedling stage pests and diseases
Diseases that are often prone to occur at the seedling stage include rickets and blight. Control methods: mainly based on cultivation management, supplemented by pesticide protection. 1 Strengthen seedbed management. According to the soil to be disinfected, the fertilizer should be decomposed, the seeding is not too dense, the cover soil should not be thick, and the temperature and humidity should be appropriate to manage the seedbed. 2 chemical control. When the disease starts, the application begins and the diseased plants are removed in time. The medicament can be applied in the morning by applying 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times solution or 70% mancozeb WP 500 times solution.
When seedlings are infested at the seedling stage, when underground pests such as cockroaches and cockroaches occur in large numbers, the seedlings are seriously harmed. Control measures: watering the surface of the seedbed with 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times can prevent cockroaches. Use 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate 100 times solution or 50% phoxim 50 times solution, mix and crush the fragrant bean cake to make poison bait, and sprinkle it on the soil of the seedbed to kill.
2. Production of major pests and diseases
Anthrax disease: Alternate control can be carried out by using 70% mancozeb 400 times solution and 75% chlorothalonil WP 500 times solution.
Botrytis cinerea: Alternate control can be carried out with 500 times of clomocreamine or 1000 times of carbendazim.
Downy mildew: Alternate control can be carried out with 72.2% Plex 1000 times solution or 40% ethylphosphine aluminum 4000 times solution.
Powdery mildew: Alternate control can be carried out with 15% of powder rust 1000 times solution or 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution.
Fusarium wilt: 50% carbendazim 500 times solution or 70% methyl thiophanate root for control, 250 ml per plant.
Root swollen disease: root swelling disease occurs in the field, the drug can be removed and applied 1.5-2 kg of pentazophene wettable powder per acre, or water can be poured into 700-1000 times of pentachloronitrobenzene. 0.25-0.5 kg.
Huang Shougu: 1 Raise the topsoil near the roots of the melon to prevent adult eggs from laying eggs. 2 Sprinkle lime, sawn wood, and fire ash on the leaf surface to reduce the damage of adults. 3 Grab the melon seedlings and control the adults with 48% lesben 1000 times solution or 90% trichlorfon 1000 times solution. The larvae can be irrigated with 90% trichlorfon 1000-1500 times solution.
Root knot nematode: Irrigation with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times solution or 80% dichlorvos EC 1000 times solution or 90% trichlorfon 800 times solution, each solution is 0.25-0.5 kg .
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