Watermelon hi warm, dry, sunny weather, adequate temperature for the seedling 20-25 °C flowering insemination period of 25 °C, fruit development period of 30 °C below the daily temperature of 22 °C or better night temperature, watermelon frost resistance without frost Ability, poor growth at low temperatures, perishable roots in dry and rainy conditions, and cloudy rain affect insemination results, so to avoid low-temperature light or rainy seasons to cultivate, watermelons require loose drainage of sandy loam, rich in organic matter, PH value of 5.0- Between 7.0, it is more appropriate.
Second, cultivation techniques:
1. During the period: the sowing time in spring in South China is generally from December to early February, and autumn is from July to early September. In other areas, please refer to the local climatic conditions for proper cultivation.
2. Soaking seed germination: Seed watermelon soaking time 6-8 hours, can be adjusted according to the temperature. After the seed soaking, the surface of the seeds shall be washed and the viscous material shall be cleaned, and the seed surface shall be cooled and dried (with no adhesion between the seeds and seeds), wrapped in a damp cloth, placed at a constant temperature of 28-30° C., and germinated for a germination time of 24-30 hours.
3. Sowing: In order to ensure the seedling rate is convenient to manage, the seedling tray is generally used in conjunction with the loosening of seedlings enriched in organic media. The seedlings are compacted and soaked in the bottom water 1-2 hours before sowing, and the seed buds grow about 0.2 centimeters. When the seed is laid flat, the bud tip is down and the depth is about 0.4 cm.
4. Seedling management: seedlings after the top soil, promptly remove the seed shell, so as not to affect the seed coat affect the light of the cotyledons leggy. The optimum temperature during the seedling period is between 20-25 °C, should pay attention to the humidity should not be too large, strengthen ventilation and increase light to prevent Seedling disease.
5. Land preparation:
(1) Watermelon hi light enough, flat terrain, drainage and irrigation is convenient, not easy to water, sandy loam is appropriate.
(2) In southern China, where the climate is hot and rainy, it is generally appropriate to use a deep trench drainage system with a width of 3-4 meters and a plant spacing of 0.7-1.2 meters.
(3) Base fertilizer: Watermelon needs sufficient organic fertilizer. The application amount of chemical fertilizer depends on the poor soil. Generally, 50 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer is applied, 50 kg of compound fertilizer is applied, and ditching is applied. Generally two trenches are opened. The first ditch is applied about 30 cm away from the plant, and the amount of fertilizer is less to meet the growth of the seedlings. The second ditch is opened at a distance of 1 m from the fixed plant hole, and the basal fertilizer is re-used to satisfy the fruit after the fruit set. Hypertrophy needs, in the acidic soil also need to use lime to adjust the PH value, boron deficiency Mushi borax 1.5 kg or so, as a basal.
(4) Covering with silver black plastic film: Silver black plastic film can effectively control weeds, maintain soil moisture, prevent fertilizer loss, and repel aphids and thrips to reduce the use of pesticides.
(5) Age of seedlings is 25 days in spring and about 12 days in fall. Two true leaves can be planted.
6. Fertilizer management:
(1) About 10 days after planting, 0.3-0.5% urea solution is used to irrigate the root and raise the seedlings.
(2) Pumping a small amount of ternary compound fertilizer with appropriate flood irrigation to promote the growth of stem vines. But excessive nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled to cause leggy.
(3) Appropriate control of water in flowering stage, use of high-phosphorus high-potassium foliar fertilizer to promote the development of female flowers, conducive to the results.
(4) When the size of the young fruits of the fruits is enlarged, the compound fertilizer is applied more, and the emphasis is on the supplement of the phosphorus and potassium elements, and at the same time, the amount of irrigation water is guaranteed.
7. Pruning fruit:
(1) The method of pruning depends on the variety, climate, and the spacing of the colonized plants.
3. Three vine pruning: Leave one with two stout side vines, and trim the other side vines.
(2) fruit: small melon varieties can be left after the second female flower, fruit is not reliable, should cause deformation of fruit, reduce production.
8. Pest control:
(1) Bacterial disease at seedling stage: It is prone to occur in humid and high-temperature environment. It damages the leaves or stems of seedlings at the time of onset, and there are water-soaked lesions on the foliage. After the stems are shrunk and collapsed, they are often wet and white molds are produced.
Prevention and control: Strengthen ventilation and humidity, 800 times Leidomil or 4,000 times the world's high or 1000 times Kokonin spray control.
(2) Anthrax is prone to disease at high temperatures and rain, especially when the air temperature is high, especially in the middle and late stages of the plant. After rain, fine weather often causes the stems and leaves to die and the crops are harvested. The disease often infects from the old leaves at the bottom, and yellow spots appear on the early leaves. , After rapid expansion, lesions were concentric ring-shaped, fruit damage from the dark green water dip into a round lesions concave.
(3) Downy mildew: The disease has a severe onset of relative humidity at a temperature of 20°C. The lesions spread from the base lobe to the new leaves. The yellow spots easily appeared from the back of the lesions in the initial stage, followed by yellowing and browning on the back. The back surface was gray moldy, and the leaves were dry and necrotic.
Prevention: 800 times the rifampicin, 600 times mancozeb, 600 times grams of dew prevention.
(4) Fusarium wilt: The incidence of continuous cropping plots is severe. The plants at the beginning of the disease are no longer in the early stages of wilting. The wilting returns to normal sooner or later. In severe cases, the whole plant withered and the stems were cut. It can be seen that the vascular bundle became brown.
Prevention: A rotation. B: Adjust the acidity of the soil by dragging a proper amount of lime during site preparation. C: Irrigate with copper or potassium permanganate at the beginning of the disease. D: Grafted seedlings were used.
(5) Broom disease: generally harm the base of the stalks, the lesions are yellow oil immersed, the vines longitudinally cracking out of russet jelly, and then ulceration, the affected part of the leaves will have an orange liquid outflow, and the plants will die.
Prevention: A: You can smear the affected area. B: copper preparation or 1000 times thiophanate-methyl spray prevention.
(6) deformed fruit: fruit deformation. The reason of the occurrence: the low temperature during flowering causes incomplete fertilization and poor female flower development. Low temperatures, dryness, fertilizer, lack of lime, excess phosphorus, etc., will also cause deformation. Countermeasures: A: Deep plowing: application of compost C: artificial pollination (stigma sufficient pollen) D: deformation of fruit full lighting.
Third, harvest:
1. Calculation result date: After the general result, small melons are 35 days old, and the high temperature season is appropriately advanced.
2. Listen to the sound: tap the middle of the melon with your finger. The immature melon rind strips are lightly colored and the mature rind strips are sparsely bright.
3, look at the melon stripe and color: immature melon melons stripe close color lighter, mature skin peeling sparse skin bright.
4, mature melon yellow curly hair.
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