Pengze 鲫 is a pheasant-shaped head, a genus 鲤, a subfamily genus, and a genus, often inhabiting lake reeds. There are five to seven gray-black reed-like markings on the side of the body. In the natural waters of Dingjiahu, Fanghu and Taibo Lake in Pengze County, Jiangxi Province. It has the characteristics of rapid growth, high yield, large individuals, easy transportation, strong disease resistance, good breeding efficiency, and high nutritional value. It has become an important species of freshwater culture and has been widely promoted throughout the country and has achieved high Economic benefits and better social benefits. In particular, in recent years, Peng Zeyi’s commercial fish has been sold to South Korea and Japan through the company’s acquisition, which has brought huge profits to farmers and has a very broad market prospect. Therefore, here we mainly talk about the high-yield culture techniques for non-pollution standard aquaculture in accordance with the export quality standards for pollution-free aquatic products:
I. Breeding conditions This breeding mode is the use of advanced oxygen-adding equipment to fully utilize the effective space of the pond to achieve high yield and high efficiency. The average yield of 750 kg to 1000 kg of large-scale production (400 grams to 500 grams in line with exports to South Korea, Japan's standard) Peng Zexi.
1. Pond conditions. The adult fish pond area is suitable for 5 mu to 20 mu and the water depth is 2 meters to 2.5 meters. Requires electric power supply, adequate water supply, no pollution, convenient drainage and irrigation, separate drainage and drainage channels, and avoid mutual contamination.
2. Device configuration. Each 3-acre pond is equipped with a 3-kilowatt impeller-type aerator, and each pond is equipped with an automatic feeder (which can also be manually fed).
3. Pond clearing. For new ponds, advanced water immersion followed by drug disinfection. For the old ponds, the pool water should be drained 50 days before the seedlings are set aside to remove excessive silt and weeds, level the bottom of the pool, plug the leaks, carry out tillage, expose to sunlight for 20 days to 30 days, kill pathogens and oxidize organic matter. In the 10 days to 15 days before the fry and fingerlings in the pond, 75 kg to 125 kg of lime or 3 kg to 5 kg of bleaching powder dry ponds are used per acre of ponds to play a role in disinfecting the wild, improving the soil, and adjusting the pH.
4. Water quality requirements. Disinfect the pond for 5 days to 7 days and inject 70 cm to 80 cm of deep water. When water is poured, use a 60 mesh polyethylene net to prevent wild fish and eggs from entering. To meet the aquaculture water quality requirements, the pH value is 7.5~8.5, the dissolved oxygen is generally above 5 mg/l, the minimum is not less than 3 mg/l, the organic oxygen demand is below 30 mg/l, and the ammonia is below 0.1 mol/l. Hydrogen sulfide is not allowed to exist.
5. Pond fertilization. The fish species are used for fertilization from 7 days to 10 days before the pond, and 150 kg to 300 kg of organic fertilizer per acre is applied (the amount of manure and livestock manure may be more, and the amount of poultry manure may be less) as the base fertilizer, and the fertilizer quality is used as fry. Provide abundant planktonic food such as plankton and organic debris to increase survival rate.
Second, fish species stocking
1. The choice of fish species. At present, there are many varieties of Pengze oysters on the market, but the real one is less original breeds. Because of the impure varieties, Peng Zeyi's advantages have not been shown in the whole breeding process. The selection of improved varieties is particularly important. It is the basis for the cultivation of large-scale commercial fish and high-yielding production. Therefore, it is imperative that the fish species be selected from the good breed breeding grounds identified by countries with good reputation to introduce the original species in order to ensure quality.
When buying fish species, healthy fish species that have passed the inspection of the national quarantine inspection department and are of good size, small difference, no deformity, no morbidity, no scars, complete body shape, normal body color, quick movement, and strong water-returning ability should be selected. Good for management.
2. Restocking time. In early April, when the water temperature reaches around 16°C, plantlets can be planted. When buying fish, the temperature of the culture pond must be basically the same, otherwise, it is necessary to gradually transition to the water temperature suitable for the culture pond to enter the culture pond. Choose a sunny and windless place. The location of the water intake should be in the sunny leeward position. Lean the container of the fish species in the pond water and allow the fish to swim into the pond on their own.
3. Disinfection of fingerlings. When the fish species enters the pool, they are sterilized with 3%~5% salt solution. When the fingerlings are sterilized, the action should be light and fast to prevent the fish from being damaged. The concentration and time of the medicine bath must be flexibly controlled according to different situations, and the fish should be treated with severe stress.
4. Stocking specifications and quantity. The large-scale Pengze bream fish species will be released. The Pengze bream species will be stocked with 1800 tail larvae ranging from 60 grams to 80 grams per mu, and will be accompanied by 200 tails of 100 grams per day and 50 pods of 100 grams.
Third, feeding and management
1. Feeding. Less than 10 acres of ponds have a feeding point, and large ponds have two feeding points. The fish species began to acclimate and feed 7 days after the pond, and the bait generally has good reputation and reliable quality. The full-price compound feed produced by the feed factory in a timely manner has a protein content of more than 30%, a feed coefficient of 1.4 to 1.8, and a particle size of 2 Millimeters ~ 4 mm, smaller early, later larger. Its safety index should meet the production requirements of pollution-free aquatic products (in accordance with the "safety limit for compound feeds for non-polluted food fish").
Feeding to achieve "four set", that is, timing, positioning, qualitative, quantitative. The timing is to feed at a fixed time every day at 8 am, 11 o'clock, 2 o'clock and 5 o'clock in the morning. Positioning is to set a feeding table at a quiet, convenient, and moderate position in the pond. The feed of particles is sprayed in a fan shape. Into the water, try to expand the scope of feeding; the quality is fresh, no mildew, no rot and nutrient content for each period of growth of fish. Quantitative is to determine the feeding amount according to the fish feeding condition. Generally, the daily feeding amount is 3%~5% of the fish's body weight, and 80% of the fish is consumed each time. The amount of feeding should be based on the water temperature, weather conditions, water quality, thin fish, fish food and flexible control. Generally, when the water temperature drops, there is no wind on cloudy days, heavy rain falls in the sky, the water quality is turbid, and the amount of dissolved oxygen decreases, the amount of feeding should be appropriately reduced.
2. Water quality regulation. When the fish stocks are stocked, the water depth is 1 meter. Afterwards, part of the new water will be injected every 7 days to 10 days. Each time it is 30 centimeters to 40 centimeters, the temperature will be changed once every 10 days during the high temperature season, and the water volume will be 30 centimeters to 40 centimeters to keep the water body. The fatness and dissolved oxygen. During the breeding period, the transparency of the pool water is always controlled between 30 cm and 40 cm, and the water color is yellow-green and green-brown. According to the water quality, regular monitoring of hydration indicators, observation of changes in water, early detection of problems, regular use of microbial agents and water quality improver, decomposition of fish manure and bait, reduce the content of harmful substances in water, regulate plankton in water The type and quantity of pond water keep the quality of fertilizers, liveliness, tenderness, and coolness, and meet the requirements of “Water Quality of Non-polluted Food Freshwater Aquaculture Waterâ€.
3. Water body oxygenation. When the water body lacks oxygen, oxygen must be added in time. There are three methods: mechanical, biological, and chemical. Mechanical aeration is the use of aerators, pumps or submersible pumps to stir, add, flush, and change water to increase dissolved oxygen in the water. The aerator must be opened at regular intervals during the hot season. Biological oxygenation is the use of phytoplankton photosynthesis oxygenation and drugs to kill excessive zooplankton to control oxygen consumption. Chemical oxygenation is the application of chemicals (calcium peroxide, sodium percarbonate, etc.) to decomposition and oxygenation in water. It is used for emergency treatment of severe floating heads and pans.
4. Daily management. Persisted in daily inspections of the pond several times a day and adhered to a good record of breeding every day, which mainly included the feeding of feed, changes in water quality, weather changes, fish activity, fish diseases, etc., as breeding data. Pay attention to the sanitation of the fishing ponds, diligently remove the weeds beside the pool, diligently kill the enemy and the intermediate host, and remove the residual baits and dead fish in time. Pay attention to improving the water environment and regularly clean and disinfect the food field. According to the mastery of the situation, timely adoption of water, disinfection, medication and other regulatory measures.
Fourth, fish disease prevention and control "fish breeding water", only good governance of the water environment in order to ensure the smooth progress of aquaculture production. It is necessary to master the principle of "prevention from prevention and treatment from the supplement," and adhere to disease-free prevention, early disease prevention, and prevention-based treatment.
1. The choice of fishery drugs. The use of fishery medicines should strictly follow the regulations of the state and relevant departments, use “three-effect†(high-efficiency, quick-effect, long-term) and “three small†(small toxicity, small side effects, and small dosage) fishery medicines, and promote the use of aquatic products. Fishery medicine, biological source fishery medicine and fishery biological products.
2. Timely damage to pathogenic factors. According to the prevalence of fish disease at the turn of spring and summer in the region and at the turn of the summer and the autumn, the whole pool is splashed with lime to improve the water quality every half month, and 15 kg of lime are used per acre. Target insecticides and sterilizers on a monthly basis for prevention once (in Quanchiposa or food spills) and take a course of medication. Apply photosynthetic bacteria regularly to purify water.
3. Tool disinfection. The tools used for fish farming are often used as a medium for disease transmission. Tools used in the existing fishponds must be promptly disinfected, soaked in 50PPM potassium permanganate or 200PPM bleach solution for 5 minutes, and then rinsed with clean water before use. Or use it after being exposed to the sun for half a day after each use.
4. Disinfection in the food court. In the epidemic season of fish diseases, the food field shall be disinfected once every two weeks. The method is to use 250 grams of bleaching powder and water to dissolve in an appropriate amount and splash it onto the food field and its vicinity (should be selected on sunny days after the fish eats). Drug bags may also be taken regularly. The amount of each bag is usually 150 g of bleaching powder and 100 g of trichlorfon for 3 days.
5. Fish disease treatment. Diseases should be dealt with when the disease occurs. Use high-quality fishery drugs that are less irritating, less toxic, and have no residue. Abuse of fishery drugs, blindly increasing the drug dosage, increasing the number of medications, or prolonging drug use time are strictly prohibited.
6. withdrawal period. Before the listing of aquatic products, there should be a corresponding withdrawal period. This will ensure that the drug residue of listed aquatic products meets the "requirements for residues of fishery drugs in pollution-free food and aquatic products", and the drugs that are prohibited from use by the state are not allowed, nor can they be added to feeds for a long time.
I. Breeding conditions This breeding mode is the use of advanced oxygen-adding equipment to fully utilize the effective space of the pond to achieve high yield and high efficiency. The average yield of 750 kg to 1000 kg of large-scale production (400 grams to 500 grams in line with exports to South Korea, Japan's standard) Peng Zexi.
1. Pond conditions. The adult fish pond area is suitable for 5 mu to 20 mu and the water depth is 2 meters to 2.5 meters. Requires electric power supply, adequate water supply, no pollution, convenient drainage and irrigation, separate drainage and drainage channels, and avoid mutual contamination.
2. Device configuration. Each 3-acre pond is equipped with a 3-kilowatt impeller-type aerator, and each pond is equipped with an automatic feeder (which can also be manually fed).
3. Pond clearing. For new ponds, advanced water immersion followed by drug disinfection. For the old ponds, the pool water should be drained 50 days before the seedlings are set aside to remove excessive silt and weeds, level the bottom of the pool, plug the leaks, carry out tillage, expose to sunlight for 20 days to 30 days, kill pathogens and oxidize organic matter. In the 10 days to 15 days before the fry and fingerlings in the pond, 75 kg to 125 kg of lime or 3 kg to 5 kg of bleaching powder dry ponds are used per acre of ponds to play a role in disinfecting the wild, improving the soil, and adjusting the pH.
4. Water quality requirements. Disinfect the pond for 5 days to 7 days and inject 70 cm to 80 cm of deep water. When water is poured, use a 60 mesh polyethylene net to prevent wild fish and eggs from entering. To meet the aquaculture water quality requirements, the pH value is 7.5~8.5, the dissolved oxygen is generally above 5 mg/l, the minimum is not less than 3 mg/l, the organic oxygen demand is below 30 mg/l, and the ammonia is below 0.1 mol/l. Hydrogen sulfide is not allowed to exist.
5. Pond fertilization. The fish species are used for fertilization from 7 days to 10 days before the pond, and 150 kg to 300 kg of organic fertilizer per acre is applied (the amount of manure and livestock manure may be more, and the amount of poultry manure may be less) as the base fertilizer, and the fertilizer quality is used as fry. Provide abundant planktonic food such as plankton and organic debris to increase survival rate.
Second, fish species stocking
1. The choice of fish species. At present, there are many varieties of Pengze oysters on the market, but the real one is less original breeds. Because of the impure varieties, Peng Zeyi's advantages have not been shown in the whole breeding process. The selection of improved varieties is particularly important. It is the basis for the cultivation of large-scale commercial fish and high-yielding production. Therefore, it is imperative that the fish species be selected from the good breed breeding grounds identified by countries with good reputation to introduce the original species in order to ensure quality.
When buying fish species, healthy fish species that have passed the inspection of the national quarantine inspection department and are of good size, small difference, no deformity, no morbidity, no scars, complete body shape, normal body color, quick movement, and strong water-returning ability should be selected. Good for management.
2. Restocking time. In early April, when the water temperature reaches around 16°C, plantlets can be planted. When buying fish, the temperature of the culture pond must be basically the same, otherwise, it is necessary to gradually transition to the water temperature suitable for the culture pond to enter the culture pond. Choose a sunny and windless place. The location of the water intake should be in the sunny leeward position. Lean the container of the fish species in the pond water and allow the fish to swim into the pond on their own.
3. Disinfection of fingerlings. When the fish species enters the pool, they are sterilized with 3%~5% salt solution. When the fingerlings are sterilized, the action should be light and fast to prevent the fish from being damaged. The concentration and time of the medicine bath must be flexibly controlled according to different situations, and the fish should be treated with severe stress.
4. Stocking specifications and quantity. The large-scale Pengze bream fish species will be released. The Pengze bream species will be stocked with 1800 tail larvae ranging from 60 grams to 80 grams per mu, and will be accompanied by 200 tails of 100 grams per day and 50 pods of 100 grams.
Third, feeding and management
1. Feeding. Less than 10 acres of ponds have a feeding point, and large ponds have two feeding points. The fish species began to acclimate and feed 7 days after the pond, and the bait generally has good reputation and reliable quality. The full-price compound feed produced by the feed factory in a timely manner has a protein content of more than 30%, a feed coefficient of 1.4 to 1.8, and a particle size of 2 Millimeters ~ 4 mm, smaller early, later larger. Its safety index should meet the production requirements of pollution-free aquatic products (in accordance with the "safety limit for compound feeds for non-polluted food fish").
Feeding to achieve "four set", that is, timing, positioning, qualitative, quantitative. The timing is to feed at a fixed time every day at 8 am, 11 o'clock, 2 o'clock and 5 o'clock in the morning. Positioning is to set a feeding table at a quiet, convenient, and moderate position in the pond. The feed of particles is sprayed in a fan shape. Into the water, try to expand the scope of feeding; the quality is fresh, no mildew, no rot and nutrient content for each period of growth of fish. Quantitative is to determine the feeding amount according to the fish feeding condition. Generally, the daily feeding amount is 3%~5% of the fish's body weight, and 80% of the fish is consumed each time. The amount of feeding should be based on the water temperature, weather conditions, water quality, thin fish, fish food and flexible control. Generally, when the water temperature drops, there is no wind on cloudy days, heavy rain falls in the sky, the water quality is turbid, and the amount of dissolved oxygen decreases, the amount of feeding should be appropriately reduced.
2. Water quality regulation. When the fish stocks are stocked, the water depth is 1 meter. Afterwards, part of the new water will be injected every 7 days to 10 days. Each time it is 30 centimeters to 40 centimeters, the temperature will be changed once every 10 days during the high temperature season, and the water volume will be 30 centimeters to 40 centimeters to keep the water body. The fatness and dissolved oxygen. During the breeding period, the transparency of the pool water is always controlled between 30 cm and 40 cm, and the water color is yellow-green and green-brown. According to the water quality, regular monitoring of hydration indicators, observation of changes in water, early detection of problems, regular use of microbial agents and water quality improver, decomposition of fish manure and bait, reduce the content of harmful substances in water, regulate plankton in water The type and quantity of pond water keep the quality of fertilizers, liveliness, tenderness, and coolness, and meet the requirements of “Water Quality of Non-polluted Food Freshwater Aquaculture Waterâ€.
3. Water body oxygenation. When the water body lacks oxygen, oxygen must be added in time. There are three methods: mechanical, biological, and chemical. Mechanical aeration is the use of aerators, pumps or submersible pumps to stir, add, flush, and change water to increase dissolved oxygen in the water. The aerator must be opened at regular intervals during the hot season. Biological oxygenation is the use of phytoplankton photosynthesis oxygenation and drugs to kill excessive zooplankton to control oxygen consumption. Chemical oxygenation is the application of chemicals (calcium peroxide, sodium percarbonate, etc.) to decomposition and oxygenation in water. It is used for emergency treatment of severe floating heads and pans.
4. Daily management. Persisted in daily inspections of the pond several times a day and adhered to a good record of breeding every day, which mainly included the feeding of feed, changes in water quality, weather changes, fish activity, fish diseases, etc., as breeding data. Pay attention to the sanitation of the fishing ponds, diligently remove the weeds beside the pool, diligently kill the enemy and the intermediate host, and remove the residual baits and dead fish in time. Pay attention to improving the water environment and regularly clean and disinfect the food field. According to the mastery of the situation, timely adoption of water, disinfection, medication and other regulatory measures.
Fourth, fish disease prevention and control "fish breeding water", only good governance of the water environment in order to ensure the smooth progress of aquaculture production. It is necessary to master the principle of "prevention from prevention and treatment from the supplement," and adhere to disease-free prevention, early disease prevention, and prevention-based treatment.
1. The choice of fishery drugs. The use of fishery medicines should strictly follow the regulations of the state and relevant departments, use “three-effect†(high-efficiency, quick-effect, long-term) and “three small†(small toxicity, small side effects, and small dosage) fishery medicines, and promote the use of aquatic products. Fishery medicine, biological source fishery medicine and fishery biological products.
2. Timely damage to pathogenic factors. According to the prevalence of fish disease at the turn of spring and summer in the region and at the turn of the summer and the autumn, the whole pool is splashed with lime to improve the water quality every half month, and 15 kg of lime are used per acre. Target insecticides and sterilizers on a monthly basis for prevention once (in Quanchiposa or food spills) and take a course of medication. Apply photosynthetic bacteria regularly to purify water.
3. Tool disinfection. The tools used for fish farming are often used as a medium for disease transmission. Tools used in the existing fishponds must be promptly disinfected, soaked in 50PPM potassium permanganate or 200PPM bleach solution for 5 minutes, and then rinsed with clean water before use. Or use it after being exposed to the sun for half a day after each use.
4. Disinfection in the food court. In the epidemic season of fish diseases, the food field shall be disinfected once every two weeks. The method is to use 250 grams of bleaching powder and water to dissolve in an appropriate amount and splash it onto the food field and its vicinity (should be selected on sunny days after the fish eats). Drug bags may also be taken regularly. The amount of each bag is usually 150 g of bleaching powder and 100 g of trichlorfon for 3 days.
5. Fish disease treatment. Diseases should be dealt with when the disease occurs. Use high-quality fishery drugs that are less irritating, less toxic, and have no residue. Abuse of fishery drugs, blindly increasing the drug dosage, increasing the number of medications, or prolonging drug use time are strictly prohibited.
6. withdrawal period. Before the listing of aquatic products, there should be a corresponding withdrawal period. This will ensure that the drug residue of listed aquatic products meets the "requirements for residues of fishery drugs in pollution-free food and aquatic products", and the drugs that are prohibited from use by the state are not allowed, nor can they be added to feeds for a long time.
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