Occurrence and Control of Jujube Rust
Zhanhua County Plant Protection Station Li Fuyou
Jujube rust is a kind of fungal disease that damages the leaves of jujube tree. It belongs to the genus Basidiomycetes, Bacillus spp., and Puccinia in the genus Rust. It occurs in all parts of the country. The damage to the leaves of jujube trees is relatively large, and the victims suffer from a large number of fallen leaves from August to September, seriously affecting the tree vigor, and the fruits can not be normally matured, fall off in advance, reduce the quality, and greatly reduce the yield. When the disease is heavy, secondary germination occurs, affecting the annual output. The occurrence of jujube rust, especially the jujube tree seedlings, has a great impact on the seedlings. When the disease is heavy, the saplings are often defoliated earlier. The year after planting is delayed and the survival rate of the jujube tree is affected.
The main symptoms of the disease are on the opposite side of the jujube leaf or on the fruit. The leaves of the diseased leaves appear irregularly with pale green spots at the beginning, and then appear gray-brown and protrude upward. The diseased spots are brown and densely covered with brown spores. Spores vary in size, shape, changeable, spherical, oval, polygonal, etc., generally 0.4-0.5 mm in diameter, mostly occurring on both sides of the main vein, when the density is high, all parts of the leaves, even the fruit surface, date hanging A small number of summer spores can be seen. The summer spore heap has the ability to penetrate the jujube leaves, and the leaves break down with the spore heap, causing large amounts of water loss and shedding.
The law of incidence
Jujube rust mainly overwinters the uredia spores on fallen leaves and becomes the initial source of infection in the coming year. During the months of June and July, when the rain was high and the humidity was high, the spores germinated and invaded from the stomata of the leaves. Symptoms appeared on 8-16 days and there were fallen leaves. After the middle and late August, the leaves fell off. The onset and severity of the onset of illness have a significant relationship with the rainfall, temperature, and humidity of the year. Intercropping high stem crops under the trees, poor ventilation and light transmission, early onset and heavy. The onset begins with the lower part of the canopy and the middle, and gradually expands towards the top.
Predicting and forecasting of jujube rust
The rust forecast includes the forecast of the amount of occurrence and the forecast of the appropriate period of prevention and control. Occurrence forecast mainly considers bacteria source, climatic conditions, jujube sense, disease resistance, ecological environment, and human factors. The appropriate forecast for prevention and control should be based on field surveys, combined with comprehensive analysis of climatic conditions.
1. Establish a monitoring team, improve the organization of forecasting reports, and strengthen forecasting. County-level plant protection and other units should be the mainstay. Townships and villages should give priority to corresponding professional and technical personnel, and the village should also set up corresponding survey and investigation personnel.
2. The county-level forecasting team should start from late June and investigate the incidence of the Zaoyuan on a fixed-point basis. The survey should be conducted once every 5 days. Select 3-5 townships, investigate 3 natural villages per township, and investigate 3-5 plots of land per village. Five surveys were conducted, and five surveys were conducted at each site as a fixed survey site to record the occurrence of the disease in detail. Since mid-July, the investigation has been conducted for three days. The epidemic center has been discovered, timely warnings for appropriate prevention and control have been issued, and relevant units have been reported to organize comprehensive surveys.
Set the spore capture period
The prediction of the occurrence period can be predicted by the spore capture period. According to the needs of the distribution and quantity of the fixed sites, 5 pieces of Vaseline or glycerol-coated slides can be set at each point, fixed in the jujube tree row and replaced every 5 days in the microscope. Under the observation of the conditions of summer spores, since the discovery of the summer spores began to issue a forecast, about 10 days, that is, the period of the disease.
3. Towns and villages should start from mid-July and choose 5 representative villages. Each village should select 5-10 blocks of heavy land, 5 plots per site, and 5 surveys per site, with 500 surveys per plant. The leaves were surveyed once every 5 days and the prevalence rate was recorded. The discovery center immediately organized a township census, and on the same day reported to the higher-level forecasting department and related units.
4. The village-level meteorologists should always pay attention to the occurrence of rust, select early and heavy plots, conduct regular investigations, and combine field operations, observe the occurrence of rust at any time, and find diseased leaves or disease centers, immediately report the relevant Departments and quickly organized a blockade of the disease center.
Control strategy
Prevention and control of rust, we must conscientiously implement the "prevention-based, comprehensive prevention and control" plant protection work guidelines, should be based on healthy cultivation, strengthen early prevention, and completely block the disease center as the focus. Diseases should be selected during the epidemic period, unified action, and group prevention and treatment. To achieve timely prevention and control, strict spray, the leaves are cracked through the front and back, and the plots are sprayed in place, leaving no dead ends.
Prevention:
(a) Agricultural measures:
1. Clean the garden before winter or in early spring to clean the debris and diseased residues in the jujube garden to eliminate the source of overwintering bacteria;
2. Before the jujube sprouts, apply 3-5 degree lime sulfur to the tree;
3. Properly grasp the planting density of jujube trees, achieve reasonable close planting, improve the rural ecological environment, and create natural conditions that are not conducive to the occurrence of diseases.
4, reasonable pruning, vegetables in addition to dense branches, overlapping branches, do tree branches reasonable distribution, good ventilation and light transmission.
(b) Early prevention and protection
In the middle of July and July, combined with the prevention and treatment of winter jujube, the use of DuPont EPC 1500 times solution, or 20.67% Wanxing 3000 times solution (the best effect within 3 days after rain), or myclobutanil, diniconazole, etc. Pesticides can effectively prevent the occurrence of later diseases.
2, 200 times the equivalent of Bordeaux mixture sprayed once in mid-July.
(three) date rust prevention and treatment drugs
1, 40% Fuxing 10000 times plus 68.75% Yibao 1500 times spray control;
2,20.67% Wanxing 2500-3000 times spray control;
3, 40% Fuxing 10000 times liquid plus 20% Fu nitrile 1500 times.
4, 5% Strathrax bacteria 2000-3000 times plus 40% Fuxing 10000 times liquid spray;
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