In recent years, as people's demand for dairy products has increased, the number of farmers raising dairy cows in the suburbs of our county has gradually increased, and there has been a rise in "cow fever." During the process of raising dairy cows for farmers, we found that most of the farmer households are kept under extensive management and there are many irrationalities in many aspects of milk production technology, which affects the milk production performance of dairy cows, resulting in less milk production and lower efficiency. In order to give guidance to dairy cow production, the technology for achieving high cow production is now described below for reference by dairy farmers. 1. The dairy cow's choice of dairy breeds and the individual's merit determine the amount of milk produced in a lifetime. The majority of dairy cows in China are Holstein black-and-white dairy cows. This breed is superior to other dairy cow breeds. With high milk production and stable production performance, it is the target of choice for farmers. Specific attention should be paid to the following points. 1Choice criteria: Requires a sturdy body, well-proportioned structure, thin and elastic skin, long and wide body, straight back, long and flat hair, well-developed chest, large abdomen without sagging, body from above, side, and back The observations were "inverted triangle" and the limbs were strong and straight. The breasts are large and square, extending forward and backward. The front line is perpendicular to the front edge of the waist angle. The bottom is horizontal. The bottom line is slightly higher than the hock. The mammary glands are well developed, the nipples are of a moderate size, and the milk veins are thick and crooked. The milk well is large and deep. 2 Age selection: Dairy cows have different ages and there is a big difference in milk production. When producing the first stock, it is generally around 2.5 years old. As the parity and age increase, the milk production also gradually increases. When the 4-7 births (6-9 years old), the milk production reaches the maximum The peak begins to decline after age. Therefore, the farmers who are preparing to raise dairy cows should purchase young and middle-aged cows within 3-5 years old. And cows should be purchased from large, regular dairy farms. 2. Strengthening the management of milk production during the milk production period of dairy cows has certain rules, and the production of milk generally increases rapidly from 15 to 20 days after calving, and reaches peaks at about 2 months (high-yielding cattle to about 3 months). It declined significantly after 4 months, dropped rapidly after 7 months, and basically stopped until the end of 10 months. Understand this law to facilitate scientific and rational breeding so as to maximize the milk production potential of dairy cows. In the last 2 weeks of cow dry period, when the peak of lactation reached the highest peak, the “feeding method†was adopted. The principle is that under the premise of not evading the scientific rearing, less raw material should be fed, more concentrate should be provided, sufficient drinking water should be provided, and raw materials should be freely eaten. The method is to weigh 1.8 kg of cows each day from the first 2 weeks after the calving, and then increase 0.5 kg each day until the 1.0 kg to 100 kg of body weight. For example, a cow weighing 500 kg will eat 6-9 kg. After the peak, supply fine material according to the amount of milk production, such as a daily output of 18 kg of milk and a weight of 600 kg of dairy cows: 3 kg of hay, 25 kg of corn silage, 4 kg of corn, 2 kg of bran, 0.6 kg of soybean cake, cotton Cake l-0 kg, 0.58 kg of fish meal, 60 grams of shell powder, 50 grams of salt, 20 grams of tricalcium phosphate, the feed within the entire lactation period to be relatively stable, feed 3 times a day, so that there is dry in the dry, dry With green and dry mix, the feeding can be carried out in an orderly manner. The following patterns can be used: first add the first silage to the grass leaves, the second batch of the second batch of silage, the first condiment, the first 3 silages, 2nd concentrates, and lastly congealed material. Drinking water is carried out during feeding. This ensures that the milk production curve falls slowly and slowly, high and steadily. 3. Grasp the correct breast massage and milking method 1 Scrub the breast: Before breast milk, it can accelerate the blood circulation of the breast and speed up the milk secretion process. Use 45°C-50t warm water to moisten the towels. Wash the nipples and pores first. Wash the middle ditch, the left breast area, the right breast area, and the back of the breast. Then wring the towel and dry it from top to bottom. breast. 2 massage breasts: Each time when the milk is fully massaged breasts, breast milk can make all milk into the milk pool and be squeezed. Tests have shown that breasts that massage breasts can be increased by 13% compared to cows that do not massage breasts. About 1 minute per massage, the performance of breast expansion. The milk nerves are nurturing, and milk can be milked when there is a symbol of breast milk. When the milk-driver feels that the milk in the milk pool has been squeezed, it can imitate the posture in which the yak impacts on the breast and knocks the hand upwards to stimulate the milk reflection and promote the coming of the next lactation. 3 milking method: milking personnel should sit on the right side of the cow body 1/3, with the thumb and index finger grip the base of the nipple, and then use the other fingers to squeeze the nipple in sequence, through the left and right hands rhythmically tight A pine continuous. The milking force should be uniform and the movement should be skillful. The milking speed should be 80-120 beats/minute. After the two nipples are squeezed first, squeeze to a certain extent, squeeze the first two nipples, and then squeeze them and squeeze them again until Squeeze. Milking can be arranged 3 times a day, about 5 hours apart. 4. Do a good job of dry milk cows 1 dry milk time: generally at the end of 10 months of milk production, dry milk to 45-60 days is appropriate. 2 dry milk method: reduce the number of milking method is changed from 3 times a day to 1 day 2 times, and then changed to 1 day crowded 1 times, squeezed 1 time every other day, and finally stop milking, generally 4-7 days to dry Milk; fast dry milk method is to squeeze the milk at the last milking, and each nipple is injected with 10 ml dry milk ointment, so that the milk can be quickly absorbed and prevent the occurrence of mastitis. Yuru ointment is formulated with 40 ml of peanut oil or soybean oil, 200,000 units of penicillin, 1 million units of streptomycin, and a proper amount of sulfanilamide and mix well with glycerin. 3 Other measures in conjunction with dry milk: From the 5th day before the dry milk, stop breastfeeding, control drinking water to a minimum amount, and reduce or stop succulent feed and concentrate feed. Strengthen exercise and increase it to more than 6 hours daily. 4 Feeding during the dry period: After 3-4 days of dry milk, observe the digestive status of the cow and the state of the breast. If there is no abnormality, the feed can be transferred to the normal standard within a few days, but the concentrate and succulent are added. It should not be too fast. It should be gradually carried out. The dry matter supplied during dry milk is generally equivalent to 1.5%-2.0% of body weight. On a dry matter basis, the ratio of crude concentrate is 8:2 or 7:3, and attention should be paid to calcium and phosphorus supplements and inorganic salts. 5. Grasp the usual management work 1 A reasonable and orderly schedule: The goal is to allow the cattle to establish a good milk condition reflex and promote milk production. Feeding should be done periodically, quantitatively, first coarsely, then finely, and less frequently. The milking personnel are fixed, the number of milking is fixed, and the milking sequence is fixed. The work schedule can be carried out in an orderly manner, such as brushing the body of the cow, feeding, massaging the breast, milking, going to the playing field, and cleaning. 2 Strict management of water and materials: Keep the water clean in summer and drink 12°C-16°C warm water in winter. The feed supply in winter is 20% higher than the standard of nutrition to increase the cold-resistance capacity of cattle and not to feed moldy material, mud material, ice slag material and pesticide-contaminated material. 3 Do a good job in the cold protection department of the cowshed. The proper outside temperature of cattle is about 16°C. It has been reported that when the temperature rises from 25.9°C to 28.6°C, the standard milk production drops by 25.4%. Therefore, in the summer, the cowshed should be equipped with electric fans to shower the cows, open doors and windows, and accelerate air circulation. Although winter temperature has little effect on cattle, the combined temperature should be kept above 4°C, and prevent drafts and falling into the cowshed. 6. Other techniques to increase milk production 1 Feed the cow's porridge: In the cow's concentrate, 1/3-l/2 corn, bran, bean dregs, carrots, etc. are mixed and heated to form a porridge. Each time the grass is fed Or a single feed is good for enhancing appetite and promoting milk production. 2 NaHCO3 was added to the diet. , May increase the appetite and dry matter intake of dairy cows, extend the lactation period, increase milk production 10%-15%, the role of preventing metabolic diseases such as ketouria and ruminal acidosis. The method was to start 1% NaHCth per day as the concentrate after delivery or at the day Ic before calving, and feed it to the end of lactation after fully mixing with the concentrate. 3 Induction of lactation, often in the production of some infertile cattle, in order to make milk, commonly used induction method of lactation, the success rate å¯% -100%. The method was intramuscular injection of 0.1 mg of estradiol benzoate per kilogram of body weight once daily for 7 days. After 5 days of discontinuation, 5 mg of reserpine was injected per head per day, and milk was used 4 to 5 days later.