Most of the cows currently raised in China are Holstein cattle. The Holstein cattle are native to the Netherlands in the cool summer. They are resistant to cold and heat. The optimum temperature is 8-16 °C. The temperature exceeds 30 °C. The feed intake decreases, the body weight decreases, and the milk yield, Reduced reproductive efficiency and reduced immunity.
1. Adjusting the diet
1 In summer, the temperature is high and the feed intake is reduced. The palatability, energy concentration and protein level of the diet should be improved. Corn and bean cake account for 40% to 50% and 25% to 30% of the concentrate, respectively, and supplement the appropriate amount of alfalfa.
2 Vitamin C can inhibit the rise of body temperature, promote feeding, enhance immunity, stimulate red blood cell production, and protect the rumen microbial environment; niacin can reduce the heat stress hazard in summer, so that milk production and milk components are not affected.
3 Chinese herbal medicine can alleviate heat stress. Gypsum, Radix, Radix Astragali, Atractylodes Rhizome, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Codonopsis, Radix Scutellariae, Licorice, etc. can be prepared by pulverizing and feeding cows, which can increase milk production in summer. Adding 0.5% licorice and Radix Isatidis in the concentrate can improve the conception rate of cows in summer.
Adding sodium acetate to 4 diets can alleviate heat stress and significantly increase milk yield and milk fat percentage. Adding ectopic acid dairy cow additives can make cows breathe evenly, reduce saliva flow, increase appetite, and increase feed conversion rate; benzodiazepine Zhuo compound is a central nervous sedative. Appropriate addition can promote feeding, improve endocrine, and increase feed conversion rate.
2. Scientific management
1 When the weather is hot or the cows are breathing, use a sprayer to spray a small amount of cold water mist on the cow's back and hips or use a warm water of 18 to 20 °C for the cows to wash.
2 Regular disinfection of pens, utensils and equipment, sewers, reservoirs, troughs, etc. Keep the barn clean, dry and cool.
3 Avoid calving and breeding in summer. It is strictly forbidden to milk at noon. The breasts should be washed with warm water before and after milking. After milking, the medicated bath with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution can reduce the incidence of mastitis in dairy cows.
4 In the summer season, mosquitoes and flies are many, biting the cattle, affecting the rest of the cows, resulting in decreased milk production and disease transmission. The barn should be installed with screens and add drugs such as fly killing net in the feed, and spray powerful anti-flying drugs at walls, doors and windows to kill larvae and eggs.
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