1. Weeding and weeding
The time, frequency, and method of cultivating the soil depend on the local cultivation system, climate, and soil conditions. In the northern region, 12 to 15 days after sowing in the spring area, the ridge is gently raked with 3 to 5 centimeters of cover soil to protect the earthworms, increase the temperature, eliminate weeds and promote early emergence. Generally cultivating weeds and soils 2 or 3 times, that is, after the seedlings are used, the first deep cultivator is used to cultivate soils. However, when the spring drought is severe, it is appropriate to moderately cultivating late-cultivation soils to reduce the amount of soil water evaporation. The second time, it should be carried out during budding stage. The cultivator thickens the soil and promotes the formation of stolons. The last operation before mulching should be done by cultivating high-altitude soil in order to prevent the tangerine blocks from being exposed to the sun. Finally, the height of the ridge reached 15 to 20 cm, and a wide and high ridge was formed. For the arid areas of the potato season, the soil was first introduced into the rainy season; the potato was covered with a plastic film; the seedlings were broken after the emergence of the film, and the membrane was sealed with soil. When the seedling height was about 10 cm, the film was peeled off. Cultivating soil for cultivating.
Herbicides can also be used for weed control, such as DuPont Po Herbicides, to effectively control broadleaf weeds, grass weeds and sedges before and after seedlings of potato plants. Herbicides should be used early. The best application period is the period of 2 to 4 leaves of weeds, 5 to 6 grams per mu. First, the drug is formulated as a mother liquor, fully dissolved and then poured into a sprayer, and then a neutral detergent powder is added according to 0.2% of the spray volume, and the spray can be evenly applied.
2. Dressing
Potatoes are hi-gain, high-yielding crops that are sensitive to fertilizers. It is an important measure to increase yields by timely and appropriate fertilizer application. Topdressing should be based on potato fertilizer requirements and seedling conditions, should not be late as early as possible, Ning Shao more. Generally applied before the flowering period, the early maturing varieties are best applied at the seedling stage, and the mid-late maturing varieties are better applied at the budding stage. The topdressing nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer supplement the phosphate fertilizer and trace fertilizer. In principle, nitrogen fertilizer should not be topdressed after flowering. Fertilizer application methods can be applied to furrows, holes, or foliar sprays. Soil topdressing should be combined with cultivating irrigation. Usually after the second cultivator, the first top dressing is performed before the first water is poured. Early maturing varieties began to be top-dressed at a seedling height of 10 cm, mid-late and late-maturing varieties were re-fertilized at the budding and flowering stages, and premature plant failure could be sprayed with a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution at later growth stages. When the drought is severe, the amount of chemical fertilizers should be reduced to avoid burning roots or losing fertilizer efficiency. The amount of topdressing due to soil fertility, planting density, type of species, etc., varies greatly, depending on the circumstances.
3. Watering
Potatoes are crops that require large amounts of water and are easy to produce. Although more drought-resistant than other crops, it is most sensitive to moisture and requires large amounts of water throughout the growing period.
As far as the current level is concerned, the way of watering is better with furrow irrigation, but soil should be loosened in time to increase the permeability of the soil. Irrigation to the ridge height 1/2 is appropriate, the maximum not more than 2/3 of the ridge height, should not flood irrigation. The current mechanized sprinkler irrigation technology can save water resources and increase water use efficiency, and it is not easy to form soil compaction. However, the leaves can form water droplets, which can easily lead to spread of diseases such as field late blight, so the fungicide should be sprayed in time for prevention. Drip irrigation can make good use of limited water sources, reduce soil erosion and evaporation, adjust the amount of chemical fertilizers according to the needs of different crop growth stages, and dissolve them in water directly to the roots. However, the facilities are more expensive and it is easier to salinize the soil. Mostly used in greenhouse or net shed production.
4. Control the apprentice
If the planting density of potatoes is large, improper management of water and fertilizers, excessive watering, or partial application of nitrogen fertilizers can easily cause the plants to grow mad. Mainly manifested as excessive growth of stems and leaves, long stem segments, thin stalks, thin and large leaves, leaves yellow-green, stems and leaves during the potato is still fierce, severe plant lodging, resulting in tuber formation, swelling blocked, reduced The number and weight of tubers, while others delay the maturity period. Plants are very harmful because they are leggy. They both waste water and fertilizer, reduce production, and induce diseases. In field management, in addition to controlling the supply of water and fertilizers, plant growth inhibitors are often used to regulate the growth of above-ground and below-ground parts and to promote tuberculosis. The application effect is better with paclobutrazol, swelling agent and so on.
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