The scope of organic fertilizers is very wide, including almost all fertilizers except fertilizers. The source is very wide and the varieties are quite numerous. According to the same or similar production environment or application conditions of organic fertilizers, similar nature functions and accumulation methods can be roughly classified into several categories: excreta fertilizer, heap fertilizer, straw fertilizer, green manure, soil fertilizer, and microbial fertilizer.
The main advantage of organic fertilizers is that it can provide almost all nutrient elements and organic nutrients to crops, especially microelements. The second is to improve the soil, protect the environment, and enhance soil microbial activity.
First, manure fertilizer
Excreta is the excrement of humans and animals. It is rich in organic matter, nutrients needed by crops such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and iron, and organic acids, fats, proteins and their decomposition products.
Urine fertilizer properties and methods of use:
Fertilizer Name Three Elements Content (%) Nature Usage Method
NPK
Human urine 0.5-0.8 0.20-0.40 0.20-0.30 Urinary acid is mainly decomposed by nitrogen and can be absorbed by crops quickly. 1 After maturity, apply it as base fertilizer, top dressing or dilute 10-20 times as top dressing. 2 contains a small amount of chloride, should not be used in a large number of chlorine crops.
Pig manure 0.50 0.35 0.40 Urine alkaline, high fat content, balance, sexual flexibility, fertility and large and long, warm fertilizer. 1 Put in cool soil and sandy soil and clay field to improve the soil after maturity.
2 for seed fertilizer, is conducive to the growth of seedlings, to protect the whole seedlings, strong seedlings.
Cow dung urine 0.40 0.13 0.60 Urine alkaline, feces fine, watery, slow decay, low humidity fermentation, cold fat. 1 After maturity, it is used as a base fertilizer, and fertilizer applied to cold-dipping soil is less effective. 2 leaf vegetables mixed with mature cow dung sowing, the effect is good.
Horse urine 0.70 0.50 0.55 Urine alkaline, fecal loose porous, short-term fertilizer effect, hot fertilizer. 1 horse dung contains cellulose-decomposing bacteria, used as a compost material to accelerate compost decay. 2 It is best to use winter vegetable seedlings for growing fertilizer.
Sheep urine 0.95 0.35 1.00 Urine alkaline, high nutrient content, rapid decomposition, hot fat. Deposited in a circle, can not expose the sun, with the application with the cover soil. 2 Composting with pig and cow dung, long and smooth fertilizer.
Chicken manure urine 1.63 1.54 0.85 Nitrogen in fresh manure is mainly urate, which cannot be directly absorbed by crops. 1 should not be used fresh, after maturity can be used as base fertilizer, top dressing, seed fertilizer. 2 It should be dry and stored, otherwise it is prone to high temperatures, causing loss of nitrogen.
Duck dung
Goose manure
Silkworm excrement
Second, heap fertilizer
Stacked manure, including manure, compost, and manure, is an important source of organic fertilizer in China's agricultural production. Heap manure is rich in nutrients, not only has all the advantages of organic fertilizer, but also the application of heap manure is conducive to environmental protection.
1. Manure
Manure is an organic fertilizer made from the mixture of livestock manure and litter. The maturity of the manure depends on the nature of the fertilizer and the nutrient content. The manure with a poor maturity can be used as a base fertilizer. It is not suitable for top dressing and seed dressing. The semi-mature manure is suitable for use as a pre-sowing fertilizer for a crop with a longer growth cycle and is fully cooked. The manure is basically quick-acting and can be used as top-dressing and seed-fertilizer. As for the soil, semi-mature manure is applied deeply on sandy soil, and fully decomposed manure should be applied on the clay soil.
2. Composting
Compost is the use of crop straw, defoliation, weeds, soil, waste, domestic sewage, human waste, livestock waste, and other organic matter and appropriate amount of lime mixed and decomposed fertilizer. Composting materials have a wide range of sources and good fertilizer effects. They are widely used as organic fertilizers in rural China.
3, manure
The manure fertilizer is mainly composed of crop residues such as crop stalks, green manure, grasses, and turf, and is mixed with waste, excrement, soil, etc., and is made into manure under the conditions of normal temperature and flooding. The nutrients in piled up fertilizer are not easy to volatilize under the anaphoric condition, and the available nutrients are often adsorbed by the soil and are not easy to lose. The fertilizer has a long and stable effect.
Stack fertilizer properties and methods of use
Fertilizer Name Three Elements Content (%) Nature Usage Method
NPK
Pig manure 0.45 0.19 0.60 The content of organic matter is high after the delay. 1 Pig manure is mostly used as base fertilizer or smashed and used as seed fertilizer;
2 It is advised to apply sandy soil and clay to improve the soil.
Calf fat
Sheep fat
Horse manure
Soil dung
General composting 0.40-0.50 0.18-0.20 0.45-0.70 High organic matter content, good fertilizer effect 1 Taro fertilizer is mostly used as base fertilizer;
2 Compost is mostly used as rot, seed or top dressing.
High-temperature compost
Waste compost
Turf compost
Green manure fertilizer
Third, straw fertilizer
Straw is a by-product of crops that contain a significant amount of nutrients. When the crop is harvested, the straw can be directly attributed to the soil to improve soil physical, chemical and biological properties, increase soil fertility and increase crop yield. The sources of straw are extensive and the quantity is huge. According to statistics, the nutrient provided by crop straw accounts for approximately 13% to 19% of the total nutrients of organic fertilizer in China.
Straw nutrients and methods of use
Fertilizer Name Three Elements Content (%) Nature Usage Method
NPK
Corn poles 0.61 0.27 2.28 Rice straw, wheat straw, and corn sticks are more rigid, have more fiber, and are more slowly rotted and decomposed, while green manure and bean stems are rot faster and have a longer stamina. They can fertilize and loosen the soil. 1The corn stem can be cut off and used as a pad, and the manure can be applied. 2 The green manure and the bean bar can be turned over and used as base fertilizer or piled up after maturity; 3The straw fertilizer should be applied with appropriate fertilizer synergist and available nitrogen fertilizer. To accelerate decay.
Rice straw
Wheat straw
Soybean stem
Peanut vine
Mung bean rod
Fourth, green manure
All those who use the green part of the plant to plow into the soil as fertilizer are called green manure. Green manure is divided into wild and cultivated species. The following describes the cultivation of green manure. Cultivated green manure is mainly leguminous crops, including milk vetch, broad beans, soybeans, and Dutch beans. The roots of these plants are nodules, which can fix nitrogen in the atmosphere for growth and utilization, and the roots have strong absorption ability for other nutrient elements and grow fast. After decomposing the green manure into the soil, it is rapidly decomposed. It is an excellent source of fertilizer and can also cause good soil. There are many kinds of green manures with strong adaptability. All kinds of soils can be planted and applied. Green manure is a good compost material. It is often used as a basal fertilizer that is turned into the soil 2 weeks before sowing or planting. It is left on hold, flooded after use, and a fertilizer synergist added to neutralize the organic acids produced during decomposition of green manure.
Green manure nutrient and use method
Fertilizer Name Three Elements Content (%) Nature Usage Method
NPK
Milk vetch 3.12 0.72 3.40 Nitrogen-rich, succulent, succulent, easy to digest, but short for fat. 1 Cut the green manure 10-15 days before planting and pour it into the soil to make a base fertilizer.
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Huang Huayu
Pea 2.76 0.82 2.81 2 chopped fresh stems and leaves, after stacking can be used as base fertilizer.
broad bean
Oil tea
Tian Jing 2.20 0.58 0.72 rich in nitrogen, stems and leaves rougher, applied to dry land, field moisture less. Therefore, the decomposition and rot are slower, but the longer-lasting is the dry land and the good green manure of the paddy fields. 1 Mainly used as basal fertilizer, and can also be used as top dressing after rot and rot; 2 crushed fresh stems and leaves are directly applied to the base of 20-30 cm at the bottom of the alfalfa as base fertilizer;
Castor
green beans
Amorpha fruticosa
Fifth, soil miscellaneous fertilizer
Soil miscellaneous fertilizer is a traditional farmer's fertilizer in China. It has a wide variety of sources, such as fertilizer, mud, ash, and slaughter waste.
1. Fertile soil
Fertile soil refers to muddy soil such as smoked soil, bauxite, and nitrified soil. Fertile soil is slightly alkaline, is a quick-acting, hot fertilizer, should be used as a base fertilizer or thermal insulation fertilizer in winter.
2. Mud fertilizer
Mud is a fertile silt formed by the surface fine soil, inorganic salt, organic matter, etc. deposited in the ditch, lake, river, pond, sea bottom and aquatic animals and their excrement. The decomposing degree of mud fertilizer is poor. It is a slow-acting fertilizer that can be directly applied to the soil. It can be used as a base fertilizer or a top-dressing fertilizer. It can also be used as a material for the production of grass pond mud.
3, ash
The ash left behind by the burning of plants is collectively referred to as ash. The plant ash is rich in inorganic nutrients, and potassium and calcium are the most abundant in nutrients, followed by phosphorus. Therefore, plant ash was used as potash fertilizer.
4. Slaughter waste
Slaughter waste used as fertilizer refers to the feces and waste blood washed from the intestinal tract of livestock and poultry when slaughtering livestock and poultry, as well as the mixture of hoofs, hairs and waste water. By only storing these wastes and properly handling them, you can improve the environment and use it as fertilizer. Slaughterhouse waste is a slow-acting fertilizer, which cannot be directly applied. It is usually mixed with slush fertilizer and used as basal fertilizer after maturity.
Soil nutrients and methods of use
Fertilizer Name Three Elements Content (%) Nature Usage Method
NPK
Smoked soil 0.08-0.18 0.13 0.40 Alkaline contains more nitrate-nitrogen-efficient hot fertilizer. 1 Prevent precipitation before application to reduce fertilizer efficiency. 2 Soil and nitrate should be used as base fertilizer
Soil nitrate
Tang mud 0.20 0.16 1.00 nutrient all, stable, but low-yield nutrient content, is a late effect fertilizer. 1 should be applied to the sand to improve the soil; 2 from the winter before the mud, dried thin, as the base fertilizer; 3 used as base fertilizer, can pick fresh mud, and with the application of fertilizer effect.
Mud
River mud
Lake mud
Plant ash 2.10-3.00 4.99-7.50 Alkaline, the active ingredient is mainly potassium, and contains more calcium and phosphorus, and a small amount of boron, manganese and other trace elements as quick-effect fertilizer. 1 is suitable for acidic soil, clay soil; 2 should be mixed with farmyard fertilizer cover fertilizer and heat preservation fertilizer; 3 is suitable for high-potassium bogey chlorine crops, such as soybeans, tobacco and so on. For other crops, there are fewer pests and diseases. 4 should not be mixed with human waste.
Wood ash
Ashes
Straw gray
Wheat ash
The animal's hooves 14.0-15.0 0.20 0.30 high nutrient content, not easy to degrade, should be used as base fertilizer, fertilizer effect long, the amount should not be too much. Should be composted with compost, manure after maturity as base fertilizer.
Feather 14.21 0.12 trace
Pig hair
Six, microbial fertilizer
Microbial fertilizer refers to a specific product containing active microorganisms that can be used in agricultural production to obtain a specific fertilizer effect. The use of microbial fertilizers on seeds and soil can increase soil fertility, assist plants in absorbing nutrients, enhance plant resistance to disease and drought, conserve energy, and reduce production costs and environmental pollution.
There are many kinds of microbial fertilizers, which are divided into rhizobia fertilizers, nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizers, phosphorus bacteria fertilizers, and silicate bacterial fertilizers according to their mechanism of action.
(I) Rhizobium fertilizer
Rhizobium fertilizer refers to the inoculation of leguminous crops and the nodulation of legumes. Nitrogen-fixing inoculants. When the legume seeds germinate, some of the substances secreted by the roots have a strong stimulatory effect on the rhizobia. Rhizobia multiply and accumulate around the roots to form nodules. The host of the rhizobia constantly converts the nodule-fixed nitrogen and transports it for its own use.
1. Usage: Rhizobium fertilizer is mostly used for seed dressing, that is, the rhizobia fertilizer is mixed on the seeds to promote symbiotic nitrogen fixation before the planting of leguminous crops, so as to increase production. Rhizobia and molybdenum combined use better. When used, use 5-10g of aluminum molybdate directly for seed dressing every 667m2, or combine it with rhizobia.
2, matters needing attention
(1) Rhizobium is a thermophilic, well-behaved microorganism suitable for neutral to slightly alkaline soil conditions. When applied to acidic soils, lime is added to regulate soil acidity.
(2) Avoid the simultaneous use of available nitrogenous fertilizers and fungicides. If the seeds are to be sterilized, they should be mixed 2-3 weeks before the seed dressing, so that the bacteria and medicine have a longer time interval so as not to affect the nodule activity.
(B) Azotobacter fertilizer
The nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer produced by a nitrogen-fixing microbial fertilizer that can freely live.
1. Usage: Azotobacter is suitable for all kinds of crops, especially leafy crops in grass crops and vegetables. It can be used as base fertilizer, top dressing and seed fertilizer. The application of organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, trace elements and fertilizers can promote the activity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
(1) Base application: Compatible with organic manure or furrow application, and cover soil immediately after application.
(2) top-dressing: The paste fertilizer paste with water, applied to the roots of the crop, after the application of soil.
(3) Seed dressing: Add appropriate amount of water to the fungus fertilizer, mix it with the seed, mix it with the seed and remove it for drying.
2, matters needing attention
(1) Mostly applicable to grass crops and vegetable medium leaf crops.
(2) Avoid joint application with available nitrogen.
(3) It is sensitive to the acidity of the soil and the suitable pH is 7.4-7.6.
(4) When the soil moisture is 25% to 40% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria begin to grow, and the fertility is most prosperous at 60%.
(5) Azotobacter belongs to mesophilic bacteria and generally grows best at 25-30°C.
(III) Phosphorus bacterial fertilizer
Phosphorus bacterial fertilizer is a kind of living microbial product that can convert insoluble phosphorus in soil into effective phosphorus nutrition that can be used by crops and secrete hormones to stimulate crop growth.
1. Usage: Phosphorus bacterial fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer, top dressing and seed fertilizer. The specific application amount is subject to the product specification.
(1) Base fertilizer: It can be mixed with farmer's fertilizer and then applied on ditch or hole, and the soil can be covered immediately after application.
(2) Dressing: The fertilizer is applied to the root of crops at the early stage of flowering.
(3) Seed dressing: Add a certain amount of fresh water into a paste in the phosphorus bacteria fertilizer. After adding the seeds and mixing, remove the seeds and let them soak.
2, matters needing attention
(1) Phosphorus bacterial fertilizers are better for phosphorus-deficient but organic-rich soils.
(2) Different types of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria are not antagonistic to each other and can be used in combination.
(3) Phosphorus bacterial fertilizers cannot be applied simultaneously with pesticides and physiological acid fertilizers.
(4) The suitable temperature for phosphorus bacteria is 30-37°C, and the suitable pH is 7.0-7.5.
(4) Silicate bacterial fertilizer
Silicate bacterial fertilizer refers to microbial products that increase the supply of plant nutrient elements through the life activities of silicate bacteria in the soil, stimulate the growth of crops, inhibit the activities of harmful microorganisms, and have a certain effect on the yield of crops.
1. How to use: Silicate bacterial fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer, top dressing and seed dressing or rooting.
(1) Basal fertilizer: Apply 3-4kg per 667m2 furrow or strip, silicate bacterial fertilizer, cover soil after application. If mixed with farmyard fertilizers, the effect is better.
(2) Seed dressing: In the silicate bacterial fertilizer, add an appropriate amount of clear water to make a suspension, spray it on the seeds, mix well, and sow immediately after slightly drying.
(3) Rubidium Root: Mix silicate bacterial fertilizer and clean water in the ratio of 1:5. After the solution is clarified, the roots of crops such as rice and vegetables shall be taken with clear liquid and used with the earthworm to avoid direct sunlight.
2, matters needing attention
(1) Cannot be mixed with over-acid, over-alkali fertilizer. In order to avoid inhibition.
(2) When the content of available potassium in the soil is below 26mg/kg, it is not conducive to the growth of salt-tolerant bacteria and the function of potassium release.
(3) When the pH is less than 6, the activity of silicate bacteria will be inhibited. Therefore, quicklime application prior to application regulates soil acidity.
The main advantage of organic fertilizers is that it can provide almost all nutrient elements and organic nutrients to crops, especially microelements. The second is to improve the soil, protect the environment, and enhance soil microbial activity.
First, manure fertilizer
Excreta is the excrement of humans and animals. It is rich in organic matter, nutrients needed by crops such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and iron, and organic acids, fats, proteins and their decomposition products.
Urine fertilizer properties and methods of use:
Fertilizer Name Three Elements Content (%) Nature Usage Method
NPK
Human urine 0.5-0.8 0.20-0.40 0.20-0.30 Urinary acid is mainly decomposed by nitrogen and can be absorbed by crops quickly. 1 After maturity, apply it as base fertilizer, top dressing or dilute 10-20 times as top dressing. 2 contains a small amount of chloride, should not be used in a large number of chlorine crops.
Pig manure 0.50 0.35 0.40 Urine alkaline, high fat content, balance, sexual flexibility, fertility and large and long, warm fertilizer. 1 Put in cool soil and sandy soil and clay field to improve the soil after maturity.
2 for seed fertilizer, is conducive to the growth of seedlings, to protect the whole seedlings, strong seedlings.
Cow dung urine 0.40 0.13 0.60 Urine alkaline, feces fine, watery, slow decay, low humidity fermentation, cold fat. 1 After maturity, it is used as a base fertilizer, and fertilizer applied to cold-dipping soil is less effective. 2 leaf vegetables mixed with mature cow dung sowing, the effect is good.
Horse urine 0.70 0.50 0.55 Urine alkaline, fecal loose porous, short-term fertilizer effect, hot fertilizer. 1 horse dung contains cellulose-decomposing bacteria, used as a compost material to accelerate compost decay. 2 It is best to use winter vegetable seedlings for growing fertilizer.
Sheep urine 0.95 0.35 1.00 Urine alkaline, high nutrient content, rapid decomposition, hot fat. Deposited in a circle, can not expose the sun, with the application with the cover soil. 2 Composting with pig and cow dung, long and smooth fertilizer.
Chicken manure urine 1.63 1.54 0.85 Nitrogen in fresh manure is mainly urate, which cannot be directly absorbed by crops. 1 should not be used fresh, after maturity can be used as base fertilizer, top dressing, seed fertilizer. 2 It should be dry and stored, otherwise it is prone to high temperatures, causing loss of nitrogen.
Duck dung
Goose manure
Silkworm excrement
Second, heap fertilizer
Stacked manure, including manure, compost, and manure, is an important source of organic fertilizer in China's agricultural production. Heap manure is rich in nutrients, not only has all the advantages of organic fertilizer, but also the application of heap manure is conducive to environmental protection.
1. Manure
Manure is an organic fertilizer made from the mixture of livestock manure and litter. The maturity of the manure depends on the nature of the fertilizer and the nutrient content. The manure with a poor maturity can be used as a base fertilizer. It is not suitable for top dressing and seed dressing. The semi-mature manure is suitable for use as a pre-sowing fertilizer for a crop with a longer growth cycle and is fully cooked. The manure is basically quick-acting and can be used as top-dressing and seed-fertilizer. As for the soil, semi-mature manure is applied deeply on sandy soil, and fully decomposed manure should be applied on the clay soil.
2. Composting
Compost is the use of crop straw, defoliation, weeds, soil, waste, domestic sewage, human waste, livestock waste, and other organic matter and appropriate amount of lime mixed and decomposed fertilizer. Composting materials have a wide range of sources and good fertilizer effects. They are widely used as organic fertilizers in rural China.
3, manure
The manure fertilizer is mainly composed of crop residues such as crop stalks, green manure, grasses, and turf, and is mixed with waste, excrement, soil, etc., and is made into manure under the conditions of normal temperature and flooding. The nutrients in piled up fertilizer are not easy to volatilize under the anaphoric condition, and the available nutrients are often adsorbed by the soil and are not easy to lose. The fertilizer has a long and stable effect.
Stack fertilizer properties and methods of use
Fertilizer Name Three Elements Content (%) Nature Usage Method
NPK
Pig manure 0.45 0.19 0.60 The content of organic matter is high after the delay. 1 Pig manure is mostly used as base fertilizer or smashed and used as seed fertilizer;
2 It is advised to apply sandy soil and clay to improve the soil.
Calf fat
Sheep fat
Horse manure
Soil dung
General composting 0.40-0.50 0.18-0.20 0.45-0.70 High organic matter content, good fertilizer effect 1 Taro fertilizer is mostly used as base fertilizer;
2 Compost is mostly used as rot, seed or top dressing.
High-temperature compost
Waste compost
Turf compost
Green manure fertilizer
Third, straw fertilizer
Straw is a by-product of crops that contain a significant amount of nutrients. When the crop is harvested, the straw can be directly attributed to the soil to improve soil physical, chemical and biological properties, increase soil fertility and increase crop yield. The sources of straw are extensive and the quantity is huge. According to statistics, the nutrient provided by crop straw accounts for approximately 13% to 19% of the total nutrients of organic fertilizer in China.
Straw nutrients and methods of use
Fertilizer Name Three Elements Content (%) Nature Usage Method
NPK
Corn poles 0.61 0.27 2.28 Rice straw, wheat straw, and corn sticks are more rigid, have more fiber, and are more slowly rotted and decomposed, while green manure and bean stems are rot faster and have a longer stamina. They can fertilize and loosen the soil. 1The corn stem can be cut off and used as a pad, and the manure can be applied. 2 The green manure and the bean bar can be turned over and used as base fertilizer or piled up after maturity; 3The straw fertilizer should be applied with appropriate fertilizer synergist and available nitrogen fertilizer. To accelerate decay.
Rice straw
Wheat straw
Soybean stem
Peanut vine
Mung bean rod
Fourth, green manure
All those who use the green part of the plant to plow into the soil as fertilizer are called green manure. Green manure is divided into wild and cultivated species. The following describes the cultivation of green manure. Cultivated green manure is mainly leguminous crops, including milk vetch, broad beans, soybeans, and Dutch beans. The roots of these plants are nodules, which can fix nitrogen in the atmosphere for growth and utilization, and the roots have strong absorption ability for other nutrient elements and grow fast. After decomposing the green manure into the soil, it is rapidly decomposed. It is an excellent source of fertilizer and can also cause good soil. There are many kinds of green manures with strong adaptability. All kinds of soils can be planted and applied. Green manure is a good compost material. It is often used as a basal fertilizer that is turned into the soil 2 weeks before sowing or planting. It is left on hold, flooded after use, and a fertilizer synergist added to neutralize the organic acids produced during decomposition of green manure.
Green manure nutrient and use method
Fertilizer Name Three Elements Content (%) Nature Usage Method
NPK
Milk vetch 3.12 0.72 3.40 Nitrogen-rich, succulent, succulent, easy to digest, but short for fat. 1 Cut the green manure 10-15 days before planting and pour it into the soil to make a base fertilizer.
è‹•å
Huang Huayu
Pea 2.76 0.82 2.81 2 chopped fresh stems and leaves, after stacking can be used as base fertilizer.
broad bean
Oil tea
Tian Jing 2.20 0.58 0.72 rich in nitrogen, stems and leaves rougher, applied to dry land, field moisture less. Therefore, the decomposition and rot are slower, but the longer-lasting is the dry land and the good green manure of the paddy fields. 1 Mainly used as basal fertilizer, and can also be used as top dressing after rot and rot; 2 crushed fresh stems and leaves are directly applied to the base of 20-30 cm at the bottom of the alfalfa as base fertilizer;
Castor
green beans
Amorpha fruticosa
Fifth, soil miscellaneous fertilizer
Soil miscellaneous fertilizer is a traditional farmer's fertilizer in China. It has a wide variety of sources, such as fertilizer, mud, ash, and slaughter waste.
1. Fertile soil
Fertile soil refers to muddy soil such as smoked soil, bauxite, and nitrified soil. Fertile soil is slightly alkaline, is a quick-acting, hot fertilizer, should be used as a base fertilizer or thermal insulation fertilizer in winter.
2. Mud fertilizer
Mud is a fertile silt formed by the surface fine soil, inorganic salt, organic matter, etc. deposited in the ditch, lake, river, pond, sea bottom and aquatic animals and their excrement. The decomposing degree of mud fertilizer is poor. It is a slow-acting fertilizer that can be directly applied to the soil. It can be used as a base fertilizer or a top-dressing fertilizer. It can also be used as a material for the production of grass pond mud.
3, ash
The ash left behind by the burning of plants is collectively referred to as ash. The plant ash is rich in inorganic nutrients, and potassium and calcium are the most abundant in nutrients, followed by phosphorus. Therefore, plant ash was used as potash fertilizer.
4. Slaughter waste
Slaughter waste used as fertilizer refers to the feces and waste blood washed from the intestinal tract of livestock and poultry when slaughtering livestock and poultry, as well as the mixture of hoofs, hairs and waste water. By only storing these wastes and properly handling them, you can improve the environment and use it as fertilizer. Slaughterhouse waste is a slow-acting fertilizer, which cannot be directly applied. It is usually mixed with slush fertilizer and used as basal fertilizer after maturity.
Soil nutrients and methods of use
Fertilizer Name Three Elements Content (%) Nature Usage Method
NPK
Smoked soil 0.08-0.18 0.13 0.40 Alkaline contains more nitrate-nitrogen-efficient hot fertilizer. 1 Prevent precipitation before application to reduce fertilizer efficiency. 2 Soil and nitrate should be used as base fertilizer
Soil nitrate
Tang mud 0.20 0.16 1.00 nutrient all, stable, but low-yield nutrient content, is a late effect fertilizer. 1 should be applied to the sand to improve the soil; 2 from the winter before the mud, dried thin, as the base fertilizer; 3 used as base fertilizer, can pick fresh mud, and with the application of fertilizer effect.
Mud
River mud
Lake mud
Plant ash 2.10-3.00 4.99-7.50 Alkaline, the active ingredient is mainly potassium, and contains more calcium and phosphorus, and a small amount of boron, manganese and other trace elements as quick-effect fertilizer. 1 is suitable for acidic soil, clay soil; 2 should be mixed with farmyard fertilizer cover fertilizer and heat preservation fertilizer; 3 is suitable for high-potassium bogey chlorine crops, such as soybeans, tobacco and so on. For other crops, there are fewer pests and diseases. 4 should not be mixed with human waste.
Wood ash
Ashes
Straw gray
Wheat ash
The animal's hooves 14.0-15.0 0.20 0.30 high nutrient content, not easy to degrade, should be used as base fertilizer, fertilizer effect long, the amount should not be too much. Should be composted with compost, manure after maturity as base fertilizer.
Feather 14.21 0.12 trace
Pig hair
Six, microbial fertilizer
Microbial fertilizer refers to a specific product containing active microorganisms that can be used in agricultural production to obtain a specific fertilizer effect. The use of microbial fertilizers on seeds and soil can increase soil fertility, assist plants in absorbing nutrients, enhance plant resistance to disease and drought, conserve energy, and reduce production costs and environmental pollution.
There are many kinds of microbial fertilizers, which are divided into rhizobia fertilizers, nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizers, phosphorus bacteria fertilizers, and silicate bacterial fertilizers according to their mechanism of action.
(I) Rhizobium fertilizer
Rhizobium fertilizer refers to the inoculation of leguminous crops and the nodulation of legumes. Nitrogen-fixing inoculants. When the legume seeds germinate, some of the substances secreted by the roots have a strong stimulatory effect on the rhizobia. Rhizobia multiply and accumulate around the roots to form nodules. The host of the rhizobia constantly converts the nodule-fixed nitrogen and transports it for its own use.
1. Usage: Rhizobium fertilizer is mostly used for seed dressing, that is, the rhizobia fertilizer is mixed on the seeds to promote symbiotic nitrogen fixation before the planting of leguminous crops, so as to increase production. Rhizobia and molybdenum combined use better. When used, use 5-10g of aluminum molybdate directly for seed dressing every 667m2, or combine it with rhizobia.
2, matters needing attention
(1) Rhizobium is a thermophilic, well-behaved microorganism suitable for neutral to slightly alkaline soil conditions. When applied to acidic soils, lime is added to regulate soil acidity.
(2) Avoid the simultaneous use of available nitrogenous fertilizers and fungicides. If the seeds are to be sterilized, they should be mixed 2-3 weeks before the seed dressing, so that the bacteria and medicine have a longer time interval so as not to affect the nodule activity.
(B) Azotobacter fertilizer
The nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer produced by a nitrogen-fixing microbial fertilizer that can freely live.
1. Usage: Azotobacter is suitable for all kinds of crops, especially leafy crops in grass crops and vegetables. It can be used as base fertilizer, top dressing and seed fertilizer. The application of organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, trace elements and fertilizers can promote the activity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
(1) Base application: Compatible with organic manure or furrow application, and cover soil immediately after application.
(2) top-dressing: The paste fertilizer paste with water, applied to the roots of the crop, after the application of soil.
(3) Seed dressing: Add appropriate amount of water to the fungus fertilizer, mix it with the seed, mix it with the seed and remove it for drying.
2, matters needing attention
(1) Mostly applicable to grass crops and vegetable medium leaf crops.
(2) Avoid joint application with available nitrogen.
(3) It is sensitive to the acidity of the soil and the suitable pH is 7.4-7.6.
(4) When the soil moisture is 25% to 40% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria begin to grow, and the fertility is most prosperous at 60%.
(5) Azotobacter belongs to mesophilic bacteria and generally grows best at 25-30°C.
(III) Phosphorus bacterial fertilizer
Phosphorus bacterial fertilizer is a kind of living microbial product that can convert insoluble phosphorus in soil into effective phosphorus nutrition that can be used by crops and secrete hormones to stimulate crop growth.
1. Usage: Phosphorus bacterial fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer, top dressing and seed fertilizer. The specific application amount is subject to the product specification.
(1) Base fertilizer: It can be mixed with farmer's fertilizer and then applied on ditch or hole, and the soil can be covered immediately after application.
(2) Dressing: The fertilizer is applied to the root of crops at the early stage of flowering.
(3) Seed dressing: Add a certain amount of fresh water into a paste in the phosphorus bacteria fertilizer. After adding the seeds and mixing, remove the seeds and let them soak.
2, matters needing attention
(1) Phosphorus bacterial fertilizers are better for phosphorus-deficient but organic-rich soils.
(2) Different types of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria are not antagonistic to each other and can be used in combination.
(3) Phosphorus bacterial fertilizers cannot be applied simultaneously with pesticides and physiological acid fertilizers.
(4) The suitable temperature for phosphorus bacteria is 30-37°C, and the suitable pH is 7.0-7.5.
(4) Silicate bacterial fertilizer
Silicate bacterial fertilizer refers to microbial products that increase the supply of plant nutrient elements through the life activities of silicate bacteria in the soil, stimulate the growth of crops, inhibit the activities of harmful microorganisms, and have a certain effect on the yield of crops.
1. How to use: Silicate bacterial fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer, top dressing and seed dressing or rooting.
(1) Basal fertilizer: Apply 3-4kg per 667m2 furrow or strip, silicate bacterial fertilizer, cover soil after application. If mixed with farmyard fertilizers, the effect is better.
(2) Seed dressing: In the silicate bacterial fertilizer, add an appropriate amount of clear water to make a suspension, spray it on the seeds, mix well, and sow immediately after slightly drying.
(3) Rubidium Root: Mix silicate bacterial fertilizer and clean water in the ratio of 1:5. After the solution is clarified, the roots of crops such as rice and vegetables shall be taken with clear liquid and used with the earthworm to avoid direct sunlight.
2, matters needing attention
(1) Cannot be mixed with over-acid, over-alkali fertilizer. In order to avoid inhibition.
(2) When the content of available potassium in the soil is below 26mg/kg, it is not conducive to the growth of salt-tolerant bacteria and the function of potassium release.
(3) When the pH is less than 6, the activity of silicate bacteria will be inhibited. Therefore, quicklime application prior to application regulates soil acidity.