March 5 is a horror. The convulsions are the spring thunderstorms that awaken the animals that hibernate in the earth and reproduce the natural vitality of nature. After the harsh winter passed, the weather was warmer, the temperature gradually increased, and the daily sunshine hours gradually increased. There is a farmer saying: "Agriculturist ploughing soil" shows that agricultural activities in vegetable fields have been busy one after another. Convulsions and solar terms are important stages in the management of greenhouses and open-site crops. The solar greenhouses have been used for winter and early spring to plant crops. Management has begun. Colonization of cold-resistant crops such as lettuce, celery and cabbage has begun. Although the temperature is rising, the weather is still fickle. , to bring a lot of inconvenience to farm field activities. The warm and cold weather is harmful to the crops such as spinach and onion that have sprouted and turned green. Special attention should be paid to low temperature and cold damage.
Properly growing seedlings and protecting seedlings
Seeds of cucumbers, zucchini, wax gourds, pumpkins, bitter gourds and other melons that were sown in open spring cucumber crops in the middle of March were suitable for planting seedlings in the middle and late March and were planted in late April and early May. Use 32-hole or 50-hole plastic plug seedlings, 88 cm specifications can also be used to grow seedlings, choose a good quality nursery special nutrient soil, you can also use peat, vermiculite their own preparation matrix. Cucumber should use “Zhongnong No.8†with early maturity, good quality, and strong resistance to disease; Pumpkin should use “Jing Hong Liâ€, a good variety of chestnut-flavored pumpkin, with dry noodles. To disinfect seeds and soak seeds in advance, select the seeds on sunny days, cover with a layer of vermiculite after sowing, and determine the thickness of the covering according to the size of seeds, so that the thickness is the same and lightly compacted with wooden boards.
The management of the emerged seedlings adopts seedling seedlings in the form of ordinary seedlings to divide the seedlings in two leaves and one heart in a timely manner, and advocates the use of nutrients to protect the seedlings. Pay special attention to adjusting the proper temperature and light. First of all, do a good job of cold insulation, especially in extreme cold weather, it is particularly important to maintain a suitable temperature, to take temporary heating measures such as electric heating, heating combustion block, to ensure seedlings from freezing. Must be warm tomatoes, cucumbers and other crops and lettuce, celery and other cold-resistant crops coded in different greenhouses or different temperature areas. Change the position of the seedling plate every other week or so so that the seedlings grow evenly; keep the night temperature no lower than 13°C, the seedlings of tomato and cabbage are particularly important, and the tomato seedlings enter the flower bud differentiation phase after 2 leaves and 1 heart, and the temperature is below 13°C. The low-temperature environment is prone to malformed fruit; cabbage is susceptible to early convulsions at low temperatures around the 6-leaf stage and saplings caused by noon high temperatures in the nursery shed. After emergence, we should try to ensure that the seedlings have stronger light, and make it more visible, promote the installation of fill light to artificial fill light, open on a cloudy day for about 12 hours a day, open the grass on a sunny day and open after 4 hours. After the 2 leaves and 1 heart of seedlings were watered and topdressed in time, the prevention and control of pests and diseases at the seedling stage was carried out.
The temperature of the nursery shed is lowered at room temperature during the day and night 5-7 days before the planting of the low-temperature refining seedlings, and the seedlings are cultivated at a low temperature of about 5°C to adapt to the environment of the seedlings after transportation and planting.
Timely colonization and sowing of cold-resistant crops in spring greenhouses
Planting spring sheds and small sheds of lettuce, celery, cauliflower, cabbage and other cold-resistant vegetables in early March is a suitable period for planting. To apply basal fertilizer, 3,000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer or 2,000 kg of bio-organic fertilizer is adequately cooked and finely chopped. It is necessary to finely prepare the soil, achieve ground level, flatness, and straightness. The surface soil is loose, and there is no light and dark soil. The density is appropriate when planting, and the depth is consistent.
Seeding rapeseed, garland chrysanthemum, spinach, parsley, cabbage, cherry radish and other fast-growing vegetables is also a suitable season for sowing. The clay soil in the greenhouse must be filled with water before the water is soaked. After soaking the water, it can be evenly sown. The greenhouses with sandy soil can be sown and then watered. After the cover soil thickness and thickness are consistent, a layer of mulch film is used to maintain heat and moisture, and 50% of the seedlings are withdrawn in time. After emergence, strengthen the growth period management, planting fresh, safe vegetable products to supply the off-season market in spring.
Solar greenhouses for daily management
â— Wintering Vegetable Management This period is the critical period for the management of crops such as cucumbers, tomatoes, and zucchini in winter greenhouses. It is a crucial period for striving for yield and benefits. First, to adjust the appropriate temperature and light, pay attention to weather changes at any time, to prevent the cold and even cloudy days causing damage to crops, and should always wash the shed film, enhance light transmittance. Second, it is necessary to timely pruning and falling vines in order to help pollination, early sparse excess buds and fruits. Third, to scientifically apply water and topdressing, top dressing should be applied to drip irrigation with nutritious and reasonably proportioned "Christmas tree" and other fast-dissolving fertilizers. It is also possible to apply N, P, and K to the water as a whole alginic acid or humic acid. Liquid fertilizer; to promote the integration of water and fertilizer irrigation methods, with a small amount of ground water is appropriate, to avoid flooding irrigation, to prevent the sudden drop in ground temperature and affect root growth and absorption of water, nutrients. Fourth, timely harvesting should be carried out during the best commodity period. Before and after the Spring Festival, it is the season with large market demand and high prices. The habits formed in the Beijing market for many years require high quality of vegetables, not only fresh but also beautiful and neat appearance. Therefore, we must improve the quality of refurbishment and increase the value of commodities.
◠early spring wolfberry vegetable management early colonization of tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplant, pepper and other thermophilic crops have entered the plant growth phase, is about to enter the flowering fruit set period, first we must adjust the appropriate temperature, light and moisture growth environment, suitable temperature during the day 23 °C -28 °C, 15 °C -18 °C at night; often scrub the film to make the crop more visible light. Followed by timely vines, tied vines, pruning. Once again, timely watering and top dressing. Finally, the tomato and eggplants adopt appropriate pollination measures to promote fruit setting at the flowering stage and remove excess fruits and deformed fruits as early as possible.
Pay attention to moisture and light to prevent pests and diseases
As the temperature continues to rise, the damage of pests and diseases will gradually increase, and the high-humidity growth environment within the shed will be prone to diseases such as gray mold, sclerotia, downy mildew, late blight, damping off, and locusts, whiteflies and root-knot nematodes. Because of the damage, it is especially important to remove moisture and make up light, and it is also necessary to let off the dampness at noon for a short time on cloudy days. At the early stage of disease, low-toxic and low-residue medicines should be used for timely prevention and treatment. Pesticides and smoke fumigation should be used to prevent and treat pests and diseases. Do not use conventional spraying methods to reduce the humidity in the shed. It is necessary to strictly abide by the provisions of the safe collection interval after application and ensure the safety of the product.
Spring greenhouses should be fertilized in advance
In early spring, the warm temperature crops such as tomatoes and cucumbers are planted in late March. It is necessary to prepare 15 days ahead of time for planting. First of all, do a good job in rural cleaning, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, remove the leaves and weeds in time, and transport them to designated locations for ozone disinfection or high-temperature composting. Apply per acre rotten, fine-quality organic fertilizer 5000 kg or commodity biological organic fertilizer 3000 kg, cultivating depth 25-30 cm. Leveling the ground to a level, leveling, no light and dark rubbing standard, laying drip irrigation pipe, covering the silver gray film, waiting for the appropriate timing of the temperature planting.
Exposed crops began to sow
Peas, beans, and other crops planted in the open field began to be sown, and there is a saying that “peas and barley will not produce nineâ€. To fertilize soil in advance, apply 3,000-4,000 kilograms of perishable, finely crushed organic fertilizer of high quality, finely soil-sinking, sowing seeding so as to achieve uniform sowing, uniform thickness of cover soil.
The management of overwintering root vegetables
The overwintering spring onions, spinach, and other root vegetables begin to gradually turn green after being convulsed. Management of cultivators and loose soil should be carried out, and preparations for watering and top dressing should be done.
Store dishes for renovation and resale
Vegetables, radishes, carrots, celery, etc., must be stocked and sold. After the cabbages stored in live cellars are ready for renovation, Chinese cabbages, celery, and spinach that have been stored and stored will be gradually warmed up after they are released from the cellar. Instead of immediately entering the cellar, they will be quickly warmed up to a high temperature environment. Prevents the reduction of commercial property. Always check the storage temperature is appropriate, such as the temperature is too high, in time to reduce the thickness of the covered layer or insulation material.
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