The effect and function of compound fertilizer The use of high-efficiency compound fertilizer has the highest fertilizer efficiency. Compound fertilizer has many advantages, such as many nutrient types, which can supply various nutrients needed by crops at the same time, and fully play the role of mutual promotion of nutrients; effective nutrient high The economic benefits are obvious. In the high-concentration compound fertilizer, the active ingredient content accounts for at least 30%, most of them exceed 40%, and some of them are as high as 60%;
At present, the effective nutrient of the unit fertilizer produced in China accounts for about 20%, and the weight and volume are more than twice that of the same nutrient high-concentration compound fertilizer. The use of compound fertilizer can save the packaging, transportation, distribution and application cost of fertilizer, and reduce the production cost; The fertilizer has small side effects, has little adverse effect on the soil, is small in hygroscopicity, is not easy to agglomerate, and is convenient to store and use, and thus is very popular. How to choose the compound fertilizer reasonably?
Consider soil quality
For soils with slightly alkaline and low organic matter content and lack of available nitrogen and phosphorus, acid nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizers, such as monoammonium phosphate or humic acid NPK fertilizers and nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizers, should be used. However, for a small number of red clay or acid brown loam, chemical alkaline compound fertilizers such as diammonium phosphate should be used.
Consider crop varieties
Generally, nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizers should be used for field crops, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizers should be used for wheat fields or high-yield fields, and powdery compound fertilizers should be applied for dense crops such as wheat, rice and millet; and thin cropping crops such as corn should be used. Granular compound fertilizer, leguminous crops should use phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, some economic crops should use ternary compound fertilizer suitable for local soil and crop; root-stem crops (lian lotus, polygonatum), corn, late rice, etc. should be used Compound fertilizer with high potassium content.
Relatively speaking, early rice, peanut, sesame, rapeseed, pepper and other crops should use compound fertilizer with higher phosphorus content; leafy vegetables should use compound fertilizer with higher nitrogen content; watermelon, strawberry, citrus, flue-cured tobacco, tea For grape and other chlorine-removing crops, compound fertilizers containing no chlorine or low chlorine content should be used.
Mixed with elemental fertilizer
The nutrient of the compound fertilizer is fixed. To better exert its stimulation effect, it should also be combined with the application of elemental fertilizer to adjust the needs of different nutrients in crops in different growth stages. For example, rice, corn, wheat and other crops require more nitrogen in the growing season. If diammonium phosphate with less nitrogen and less phosphorus is used, the amount of phosphorus should be calculated first, and the insufficient nitrogen should be supplemented with elemental nitrogen fertilizer. If you first meet the crop nitrogen calculations, then there will be too much phosphorus, causing waste of fertilizer.
Considering the method of application
For base fertilizer, granular compound fertilizer must be used, and the higher the hardness of the particles, the better, in order to prolong the fertilizer efficiency; the compound fertilizer containing ammonium nitrogen is easily adsorbed by the soil, is not easy to leaching, and is suitable for various soils and crops. However, it is best to implement deep application to improve the utilization rate; for nitrate-nitrogen compound fertilizer, it is not adsorbed by soil and easily leached with water, so it is not suitable for application in paddy fields, but is suitable for dryland crops.
For nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizers with less phosphorus and nitrogen, it can be used as a base fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer for topdressing to supplement nitrogen deficiency. For higher-priced compound fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, it is generally not used as a base fertilizer, and it is best used for soaking seeds or top dressing. When using NPK ternary compound fertilizer as seed fertilizer, it should be considered that the nitrogen content should not be too high, otherwise it will easily cause burning and burning.
Precautions for applying compound fertilizer
Compound fertilizer has the advantages of high nutrient content, less auxiliary components and good physical properties. It plays an important role in balancing fertilization, improving fertilizer utilization rate and promoting high yield and stable yield of crops. But it also has some shortcomings, such as its nutrient ratio is always fixed, and the types, quantities and proportions of nutrients required for different soils and different crops are diverse. Therefore, it is best to conduct soil testing before application to understand the texture and nutritional status of the field soil.
At present, the development of compound fertilizer has three major trends:
The first is the specialization of multiple varieties. Different crops have different special fertilizers, and special fertilizers are developed according to the law of crop growth and development and the amount of fertilizer absorbed. When selecting compound fertilizer, farmers should choose the corresponding special fertilizer according to different crops. If it is not special, it will violate the law of crop absorption, so that the potential for crop yield increase will not be realized, and some nutrients will be wasted.
The second is multi-functional medicinalization. The combination of pesticides and fertilizers eliminates the pesticide dressing procedure. Once applied, it can ensure the nutrients needed for crops and prevent underground pests and seedling diseases, which can have multiple effects.
The third is long-term high concentration. With the development of agricultural production, high-concentration and long-acting compound fertilizer is more and more popular among farmers. The application of this type of fertilizer reduces the amount of fertilization, facilitates farming, eliminates the problem of topdressing, and reduces the labor.
It should be applied in combination with various fertilizers. Although most of the compound fertilizers are now diversified, they still cannot completely replace organic fertilizers. Where conditions permit, the application amount of decomposed organic fertilizers should be increased as much as possible. Compound fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer can improve fertilizer efficiency and nutrient utilization. The application of organic fertilizer not only improves the soil, activates beneficial microorganisms in the soil, but more importantly saves energy and reduces environmental pollution. The application of some bio-organic fertilizers not only eliminates the cumbersome process of traditionally making organic fertilizers, but also provides a large number of beneficial microorganisms for the soil, activates soil nutrients, and reduces continuous cropping obstacles.
Although some special compound fertilizers have determined the appropriate nutrient-distribution ratio according to the fertilizer characteristics of the crops and the fertilization characteristics of the soil, it is difficult to fully meet the requirements of actual crop growth on soils with different fertility levels. Therefore, it is necessary to apply some simple fertilizers according to the actual growth of the crops. For example, in the nitrogen-deficient soil, some nitrogen fertilizers should be applied to the leafy vegetables that require more nitrogen. In the potassium-deficient soil, some potassium fertilizer should be applied to the watermelons with more potassium.
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