Be alert to colored eye disease

If you cover your eyes with an eye mask, and then take out your phone and dial the most familiar number, can you do it? If you try, you will find that a simple matter that is so simple on weekdays becomes an impossible task when it is completely invisible, and this is only the most insignificant obstacle encountered by the blind person in daily life.

80%-90% of external information is perceived by our eyes. With the change of living environment and the change of living habits, visual impairment has blinded us to the “window” of obtaining information in various ways. At the sight of the day of the eye, Wang Ningli, director of the Beijing Tongren Eye Center, emphasized that 80% of blindness can actually be prevented or cured. We should pay more attention to eye health.

Trachoma blindness has become a thing of the past

The theme of this year's love-eye day is "Farewell to blindness in the eye and attention to eye health." Today, there are few young people who know about trachoma. However, in the 1950s and 1950s, trachoma was the first blinding eye disease in our country.

Trachoma is an infectious eye disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis infection, the main route of transmission is the common contact of objects or water. Trachoma infection is closely related to lifestyle. Repeated infection with trachoma can lead to conjunctival scarring and trichiasis. Trichiasis damages the cornea until corneal opacity causes visual impairment or even complete blindness.

Professor Wang Ningli introduced that China was once one of the countries with a high incidence of trachoma, and its high incidence was described as "ten people and nine sands." After decades of efforts, the trachoma, a disease that has plagued hundreds of millions of people in our country, has been eradicated. Trachoma is no longer a public health issue in China today. However, the new eye disease spectrum and its challenges have followed.

The spectrum of eye diseases in China is "red purple blue yellow white"

“Our per capita life expectancy has increased, many diseases have become extinct, but the incidence of age-related diseases and metabolic-related diseases has increased rapidly, and the eye disease is particularly prominent. In China, this trend is very obvious and very characteristic.” Professor Wang Ningli Said.

The three major blind eye diseases recognized by the World Health Organization — cataracts, glaucoma and macular degeneration — are still rampant in our country. However, unlike the three major blind eye diseases called for by the World Health Organization, China’s blinding eye disease spectrum also has Chinese characteristics. In addition to glaucoma and cataract, many eye diseases represented by macular degeneration are threatening people’s vision health. Silent killers such as diabetic retinopathy and pathologic myopia. Compared with the cataract's treatability and glaucoma's characteristics of severe pain and rapid vision loss, painless and irritated fundus diseases are more occult and irreversible.

Professor Wang Ningli summarized the current situation into five colors: red purple blue, yellow and white, which respectively represent diabetic retinopathy, pathological myopia, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and five major blind eye diseases of cataract, among which three are fundus-related diseases.

Red - diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is the most serious complication in diabetic eye diseases and one of the important causes of blindness. It accounts for about 8% of various blinding eye diseases.

People with diabetes initially do not have diabetic retinopathy. However, with the prolonged duration of onset, diabetic retinopathy usually begins gradually after 7-8 years, and the disease will become heavier and heavier as the duration of the disease increases. More than 70% of patients with a course longer than 10 years will have varying degrees of diabetic retinopathy, and this proportion will exceed 90% in patients with a course of more than 20 years.

Diabetic retinopathy should be primarily prevention. If someone with a history of diabetes feels dry eyes, they can do some early exclusion tests. Correct and timely intervention can prevent more than 90% of diabetics from blindness. As long as they actively cooperate with the treatment, they can completely protect their vision.

Violet - pathological myopia

Pathological myopia is also known as high myopia. China is a big country with myopia, and the incidence of high myopia in China is very high. In a small population, the prevalence is as high as 6.9%. Myopia is more than 600 degrees high myopia.

After the maturity of the general adolescents, the degree of myopia does not increase substantially. However, there are a few cases of high myopia occur earlier, the degree of myopia will continue to increase with age, even up to 2000 degrees.

When pathological myopia develops, the eye develops a staphyloma. After the white eye becomes thinner, the purple eye tissue can be seen. Therefore, purple is used to represent the eye disease.

Pathological myopia often appear in front of the shadow fluttering, sudden drop in vision or visual discoloration and other symptoms. Therefore, when a person suffering from high myopia suddenly suffers from vision loss, fluttering shadows in front of his eyes, or a feeling of flashing light, or feeling that there is a fixed shadow in front of his eyes, he should go to the hospital as soon as possible to look for a specialist ophthalmologist.

Yellow - age-related macular degeneration

"Macular degeneration" is often associated with "elderly" because it is a retrogressive change. Data show that the prevalence of macular degeneration in people over the age of 50 is 1/6.5, and 1 out of every 4 people aged 80 or older has age-related macular degeneration.

The macula is a part of the retina, and it is also the most sensitive part of the retina. The most central visual acuity is responsible for the macula when people see things. Once the disease occurs in the macula, it will seriously affect vision.

The symptoms of macular degeneration appear to be blurry dark spots in the center of the field of vision, resulting in more light for reading or doing business. The late fuzzy dark spots become larger and darker, and the visual acuity is reduced, which can cause blindness when severe.

Age-related macular degeneration progresses rapidly. In the case of wet age-related macular degeneration, if there is no timely and standardized treatment, the visual acuity of 80% or more patients within 2 years will fall below 0.1. Standardized treatment is the only effective way to restore vision. For people over the age of 50, it is recommended to check the fundus every year whether there is any symptom or not.

White - cataract

According to the data from the survey, the prevalence of cataract in elderly people over 75 years old is as high as 91%, and there are 4 to 5 million cataract patients in the country. Nearly half of them are blind, and cataract still ranks the first in China.

Age-related cataract is the most common type of cataract. It is a degenerative disease caused by a combination of various factors that cause the lens to age and become cloudy. Generally from the age of 50, the prevalence of middle-aged and elderly people increased significantly with age. In China, the prevalence of cataract is almost 100% in the elderly over 80 years old.

Cataracts may be cured only by surgery and are also preventable. UV rays are one of the main reasons for cataracts. When summer sunshine is strong, it is recommended to wear sunglasses for protection. In addition, cataract also has a certain relationship with vitamin deficiency. Usually, you can eat more fruits rich in vitamin C.

Blue - Glaucoma

The "blue" of glaucoma is blue. Professor Wang Ningli said that glaucoma is known as the "thief" of vision because 70%-80% of glaucoma are painless and itch, which all happen unconsciously. Glaucoma is an irreversible blinding eye disease.

Our eyeballs, like balloons, require some pressure to maintain their appearance and function, but this pressure has a normal range of limits. When the intraocular pressure rises beyond the range to which the eyeball can tolerate, it can cause damage to the optic nerve, resulting in a defect in the visual field and further development of glaucoma. If not treated, the visual field can be completely lost or even blind.

Glaucoma has a certain genetic predisposition, but the offspring of glaucoma patients do not necessarily have glaucoma, but are more likely than normal people to have glaucoma. Therefore, people with a family history of glaucoma should have regular eye exams after 40 years of age.

Some patients with glaucoma have no symptoms in the early stages, and patients often do not realize that they have had glaucoma. They have only discovered that they have become blind after a physical examination or covering a good eye. Some may have red eyes, astringent eyes, foreign body sensation, eyelid soreness, nausea, sore eyes, migraine headaches. In the evening, there are red and green apertures in incandescent bulbs. Obscure visions can be relieved or disappear after rest.

Once glaucoma is obtained, it is irreversible, but early detection and early intervention and treatment can slow the progression of the disease. Therefore, if these symptoms appear above, you should pay attention. People with a history of glaucoma in the family should also be highly concerned and take the initiative to go to the hospital to check their eyes.

Tips

Expert Wang Ningli's eye care tips

● Look at your eyes every day while looking in the mirror and aim at a target to see if there is a change in visual perception. This is the first step in caring your eyes.

● The food chain must be balanced. The eye is an extremely demanding organ for trace elements, and the food chain is unbalanced and may cause trouble to the eyes.

● Wear sunglasses to protect your delicate retina when exposed to strong light.

● Use electronic products to be moderate and not overload your eyes.

● When the eyes feel uncomfortable and change, go to the hospital in time.

● Guaranteed eye examination once a year.