In recent years, every late-harvest apple harvest season, the apple orchard of Qianhao Village, Wuhao County, Hengshui City, Hebei Province has become very popular. People who come for visits, studies, and picking are in an endless stream. Everyone says that his apple is good. . Last year, special-quality fruit was sold for 10 yuan each, and two-level fine fruit was sold for 5 yuan. The 6-year-old 16-mu apple orchard had an average yield of 3750 kilograms per mu, and gross income was over 400,000 yuan. What are the unique management strategies for Chi Mei's apple orchard? The author conducted a visit.
Win at the starting point --- high standards to build the park
Apple's "three excellent" cultivation is a new technology promoted in Hebei Province in recent years, namely, excellent varieties, excellent dwarfing stocks, and management techniques for optimal cultivation. The apple orchards adopting this advanced cultivation and management technology have light pests and diseases, produce good fruit quality, have high early fruit and high yield, and have high economic benefits. Moreover, they have no girdling in management and do not spray growth regulators to regulate the trees, and the trees are not prosperous. Long, year after year full of flowers, fruit hanging branches.
Strengthen the culture --- slender spindle tree
The slender, spindle-shaped trunk is 70-80 cm high. The center is dry and stout. The center stem has 25-30 lateral branches at an angle of 90-100 degrees and a length of 100-120 cm. The thickness is equivalent to the center of its position. Below /3, the height of the tree is 3.5 meters and the diameter of the crown is 2.5 meters.
In the cultivation of trees, he took the "two long and one short" method of mid-dry winter cut, "a long", set a height of 1-1.4 meters, "a short", the second year in the dry extension of the shear off 50-70 centimeters, "another length", the third year of dry extension branch shear 0.8-1.2 meters. When dry, cut the second and third buds and cut the bud before germination on March 20. When the cutting is done, the distance between the cuttings is 30 centimeters without cutting, the distance below 50 centimeters from the ground is not sculpted, and the middle part is carved every 10 centimeters in different directions. In the first year and the second year after planting, the same methods as axillary buds and stalk buds were adopted after stem extension and winter cutting in the second year. The lateral branching was promoted as much as possible through the sprouting, so as to control the excessive thickening of the lateral branches. During the forming period, from late May to early June of each year, in the semi-lignification of the lateral shoots, the lateral shoots are opened with a toothpick or an opener, and the branches are softened and the branches are adjusted from August to September. Angle to reach a 90-100 degree angle.
Generally after three years of cultivation, it can be cultivated into a slender spindle shape through winter and summer trimming adjustments.
Willing to invest --- cultivate ground
The Chihui family has a small pig farm with more than 100 stockpiles. All the pig manure is used on apple trees. After harvesting the apples in November each year, he sprinkles the decomposed pig manure into the apple orchard. Pig manure 8-10 cubic meters. In the first two years after planting, he applied pig dung in a dredging manner. In recent years, he spread the pig dung between rows and did not plunge deep. He infiltrated into the ground with the pouring of land or rain for apple roots to absorb. Chi Hui's "Sanyou" apple orchard has never applied chemical fertilizers and sufficient organic fertilizer since its establishment to ensure the nutrient supply of apple tree growth results. As a result, his apple orchard is robust and its own ability to resist pests and diseases. Strong, not only the number of orchard sprays per year is reduced by 2-3 times, but also the local popular ringworm disease is hard to find on his apple tree.
Linked together - solid management
Good tree shape and robust tree vigor are the basis for high quality and high yield in orchards, but fruit management is an important part of orchard management. Chi Hui grasps fine orchard management and grasps it firmly. put. The first is to plant bees every year in the orchard to increase the fruit setting rate. Secondly, to improve fruit thinning and avoid overloaded production through reasonable fruit thinning, not only improve the quality of fruit, but also prevent the result of “small yearâ€; the third is to do a good bagging. The fourth is the underground shop with reflective film to promote fruit coloring; Fifth, the appropriate late harvest, in the local general apple orchard, Dounan Apple harvested before October 15, Red Fuji apples harvested by the end of October, and his Dounan Apple in October Harvested on the 20th, Tianhong 2th Apple harvested in early November. In this way, the fruit is harvested late, with high maturity and high sugar content. (Sun Lanmin)
Apple Tree Thinning Fruit "Ten Looks"
Strict thinning and fruit thinning are a key measure to improve the quality of apples. Apple trees to spend thinning fruit to "ten look":
At first glance, it is advisable that the buds be clearly exposed and that the top of the flower buds be red. It is advisable to leave the buds to leave the foliage until they are determined within 30 days after flowering.
Second, look at the climate as local nights often have late frosts, strong winds and cold climates occur.
Three to see the amount of flowers spent more early sparse, spend less sparingly late.
Four trees and weak trees were left sparsely and stayed for a long time. Strong trees stayed sparsely and stayed longer.
Five species with severe physiological fruit drop can be seen after 2 weeks of flowering, while those with light physiological fruit should be sparse.
Sixth, the flower buds with weak floret buds, buds with buds, buds with long fruit shoots, and buds with late growth can be sparsely left. The remaining flower buds should be sparsely left.
Seven to see from the general small fruit 15-20 cm to leave one fruit, large fruit 20-30 cm to stay a fruit, single fruit to stay the center fruit, double fruit to stay symmetrical fruit, so that the whole tree is evenly distributed, and more than two to three fruit retention as insurance coefficient.
Eight to see the top of the shoot by the top of the fruit set and fruit, that is, a single fruit top to leave the single fruit, two fruit tops to leave the double fruit at the top, and there is no fruit at the no fruit top.
Nine to see the fruit branch buds fruit branches and oblique fruit branches born on the short branches of the branches, fruit deformities are more, should be properly removed.
Ten look at the fruit growing strong, shoulders flat, natural drooping, young buds down the fruit; fruit shape is correct, high stakes and more, the production of high-quality fruit is reliable, should pay attention to stay.
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