In summer, a fan-sprayed combined air-discharging spray system can be installed in the cowshed. Spraying air blows (5 minutes + 45 minutes) alternately to form a forced air flow to increase the air circulation speed in the livestock house and promote the evaporation of beef cattle through the sweat. Assist the body to dissipate heat, increase evaporation efficiency, and quickly remove excess heat from the body. The installation of the fan in the cowshed is inclined at an angle of 30 degrees with a wind speed of 1.8 m/s to 2.7 m/s and a spray nozzle flow rate of 0.5 l/min.
The construction of the cowshed should be built in accordance with the standards of the National Beef Cow Standardized Farm. In the south, in order to achieve the best effect of heat insulation and cooling in summer, the fence structure should adopt a semi-open method on both sides. In this way, compared with the open cowshed on one side, the permeability is better, and the air flow in the overall barracks is increased, which can effectively prevent the summer heat stress of cattle. The semi-open height is about 2.5 meters, the height of the wall is about 1 meter, and the height of the roof is about 5 meters. The heat insulation treatment is also required on the roof of the cowshed, and a good selection of materials with good insulation properties is used as a cowshed ceiling.
Second, scientifically select feeds. Beef cattle in summer should eat more fresh pasture with rich moisture, protein, vitamins and minerals. It not only has good palatability, but also thirst-quenching, not only can prevent summer heat stress, but also can exercise the digestive system of beef cattle very well, and enhance the absorption capacity of the digestive system in the subsequent rapid fertility increase. Summer is the richest season for pastures in the south, so it is best for the cattle farm to grow forage. However, beef cattle can not only feed cattle with summer fattening, because the green feed is fresh and juicy, and the palatability is good. Cows often suffer from gastrointestinal discomfort or overload due to eating too much, resulting in watery diarrhea. And high-quality forage grass can not meet the fat, protein, energy and other nutrients needed for summer beef cattle fattening, and these must be obtained from the refined feed.
Under high temperature conditions, beef cattle accelerate heat dissipation outside the body through increased metabolism to maintain normal body temperature. Therefore, to increase nutrition in the summer, and high temperatures and then seriously affect the appetite of beef cattle, resulting in decreased feed intake, so feed energy, crude protein and other nutrient concentrations should be properly increased, but also have a certain amount of crude fiber (17%). The content of corn, soybean cake and fish meal can be appropriately increased in the compound feed, so that the protein concentration in the diet can be increased by about 4% compared with the normal level, and the proportion of crude protein in the protein passing through the rumen can reach 35%-38%. The trial confirmed that the use of 3% total fatty acids in the diet of beef cattle resulted in the best utilization of calcium salts of fatty acids in the rations of 5% to 6%. In the summer, beef cattle need to be supplemented with electrolytes and vitamins due to increased breathing and perspiration. Add 60 grams to 80 grams of potassium chloride per head of beef per day in the diet, with sodium bicarbonate accounting for 0.5% to 0.8% of the concentrate.
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