Increase piggery temperature. The temperature range suitable for pig growth is 14°C to 23°C, and the lower limit for normal growth is 8°C. The winter temperature in China is generally low, and the temperature in the pig house will also decrease. This will cause severe cold stimulation to the pigs, which will reduce the physiological function of the pigs. Especially for piglets, the impact is even worse, making diarrhoea worse and mortality rates rising. In addition to the adverse effects of physiological stress leading to decreased function, the drop in ambient temperature will also force pigs to maintain body temperature by increasing feed intake and increasing body metabolic heat production. However, this will reduce the conversion rate of feed and affect the breeding efficiency. There are many ways to increase the temperature of pig houses, such as the use of hot blast stoves, coal stoves, heating and other equipment to provide artificial auxiliary heat sources. For piglets, electric heating plates, infrared light bulbs, or ordinary light bulbs can be used as heat sources in incubators. Different measures can be taken for different types of pig houses. Specifically, open-type pig houses can be covered with plastic film or covered with double plastic film, which can achieve better insulation effect. The double-layer film spacing is 10 millimeters. Can be covered with grass; enclosed pigs can use boiler-type heating for heating; semi-open pig houses can be combined with heating heating and plastic film; nursing sows are suitable for heating with heating and electric heating.
Anti-thief wind. The cold wind in winter is easy to invade the pigs' house, forming a thief wind, causing pigs to suffer from stress and even colds and pneumonia. Therefore, in the construction of the piggery, the choice should be made in a south-facing location, a high and dry location, and a decent location, while ensuring that the perimeter of the pig house wall is thick and thick. In special areas, peripheral walls can also be properly handled. Before winter, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive maintenance and overhaul of the pig house, to seal the wall, the residual gap of the doors and windows, and the excess vents, especially the pighouses that are in disrepair, must be thoroughly checked and maintained. At the same time, temporary insulation measures can also be added to the injection wall, such as stacking of crop straws outside the walls, and temporary mud-based culture. In order to prevent the various crack gaps in the wall from blowing into the drafts and the thief, and keeping the temperature relatively stable, the window and ventilation holes of the pig house should be more than 1 meter above the ground, or a pig can be added between the pig activity area and the entrance of the pig house. In the storage room, avoid the cold wind directly affecting the herd, or hang the curtain on the inner door.
Increase lighting area. It has been reported that increasing sun exposure in winter can increase the pig's fertility by 4.5% to 8.5%, increase daily gain by 10%, and reduce the incidence of piglets by 8%. In order to increase the lighting, the building needs to take into account the needs of the entire herd light, set a reasonable lighting area, can be reserved in the roof, the south wall daylight, to increase light in the winter. In addition, it is possible to choose a sunny afternoon to enhance the outdoor activities of the pigs to increase sunlight exposure.
Keep proper water temperature and food temperature. It has been reported that drinking sows and feeds, which require 17.5 to 22.5 kilograms of water per day for a nursing sow, would consume 2850 kilojoules to 3670 kilojoules of heat to increase the temperature if drinking water and feed at 0 oC were provided. To the level of body temperature of 39 °C, equivalent to 0.5 kg to 0.75 kg of feed per day is wasted on body temperature maintenance. Therefore, if conditions allow, warm food or pellet feed and warm water should be fed frequently, which can improve feed utilization and aquaculture efficiency.
Keep proper humidity. Drying the pig house is one of the important conditions for ensuring the health of live pigs. The higher the air temperature is, the stronger the thermal conductivity is, and the faster the heat loss of the pig body is, the more the pig will get together because it feels colder, resulting in crushing or even death. In addition, the humidity of the environment is conducive to the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms and can easily cause epidemics such as respiratory diseases, parasitic diseases, and skin diseases. Measures that can be taken include: training pigs “three-point positioning†(feeding, excrement and urine, sleeping in a fixed position); diligently cleaning, digging grass and hot materials, regularly removing pig manure; using lime, ash, Coal slag, etc. absorb excessive moisture.
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