In order to promote the early emergence of strong seedlings for overwintering rapeseed, we must focus on the following measures based on the application of base fertilizer, cultivation of strong seedlings, and timely transplanting.
Seedlings and seedlings require early seedlings and dilute seedlings. The principle of mastering is to stay thin and thin, stay weak and strong, and adjust the distance between the plants to maintain uniformity. Usually two sub-seedlings, the first time when the first true leaf appears after the seedlings, the leaves do not overlap between the leaves; the second time the seedlings in the second true leaf occurs. At the third leaf stage, the seedlings are seeded and the seedling density is determined according to the late sowing of the rapeseed, the age of the seedlings, and the growth condition of the seedlings. Generally, the seedling spacing is maintained at 7 to 10 cm.
Early application and full-fertilization tests showed that 15 days of nitrogen deficiency or 25 days of phosphorus deficiency at the seedling stage reduced canola yield by 27.4% and 27.1%, respectively. After 5 days of transplanting, the ratio of top dressing was 20 days after transplanting. Increase production by 24.3% per mu. In dry areas and years, fertilization should be carried out in combination with watering, that is, top dressing with water and fertilizer with water. The amount of fertilizer used at the seedling stage should account for about 40% of the total amount of fertilizer. On the basis of applying base fertilizer, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer such as urea twice. For transplanting rapeseed, in addition to topdressing nitrogen fertilizer twice, topdressing with wax fertilizer should also be followed. For live rapeseed, the fertilizer should be top-dressed once during the first time and after the first seedlings.
Drought-Relief Drainage China's rapeseed-producing areas have little winter rainfall, especially in the Huang-Huai District and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and there are more droughts in winter. When the relative humidity of the soil (maximum water holding capacity in the field) is less than 70%, the lower leaves of the rape are red, the whole plant is dull green, or the noon leaves are wilting, and irrigation should be carried out immediately to promote early drought resistance. When the drought is light, it can be combined with straw seedlings and watered to resist drought. When the drought is severe, furrow irrigation can be carried out. The number of waterings should be based on the seedling condition and the soil texture. It also depends on regional conditions, such as Huanghuai rapeseed production area, in autumn and winter and return to green water 5 to 6 times. When flooding, avoid flood irrigation, so as to avoid flooding rape, soil compaction, affecting the development of the roots, the formation of stiff seedlings does not occur. In areas with a lot of autumn rain, it is necessary to pay attention to the drainage of drains and reduce the water table.
The principle of early soil loosening and ground loosening should be mastered in the cultivating and ripping tillage of arbitral loose soil, and measures such as fertilizing and cultivating roots should be taken. The time, frequency, and depth of cultivating loose soil should be based on the growth of rapeseed, soil conditions, climate characteristics, and weed growth. For live rapeseed, the first cultivator is usually combined with two or three true leaves after seedlings, and the first cultivator is combined with the seedlings and the top dressing. When there are 4 to 5 true leaves, the second cultivator is combined with the fixed seedlings and the top dressing, and then at a low temperature. Cultivate again before coming. The depth of the cultivator should be shallow and deep first, avoid excessive rooting, that is, the first cultivator shallow, the second, the third cultivator deep. Paddy field can be slightly cultivated in rapeseed, prosperous rape cultivator should also be properly deepened, in order to cut off part of the root system, control the growth of aboveground parts, so that seedlings become strong seedlings. However, in colder winter regions and regions, in order to prevent freezing and moisturizing, it is generally not suitable for deep cultivating. When cultivating loose soil, it is necessary to pay attention to the roots of cultivated earth to enhance the cold resistance of rapeseed.
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