Plastic greenhouse pig raising is a new technology that uses solar energy to increase the temperature of pig houses, promote the growth of pigs, and reduce feed consumption in the winter. The key is to solve the three major problems of increasing lighting temperature, heat insulation and ventilation and dehumidification.
Lighting and warming
Warm Shed Orientation and Lighting The winter sun is high and the angle is small. When the pig house is facing south, it can maximize the lighting time and increase the lighting surface. In the afternoon, the sunlight is strong, and the westward direction can enhance the light, but in the winter, it is mostly northwesterly. Therefore, it is better to go southwards. If the farmer's home is in the direction of the house or in the countryside, he or she may be appropriately westward or eastward, but it should not exceed 20 degrees.
The first form of the greenhouse and the first one is the single-slope warm house, which is covered with plastic film on the whole or the lower half of the sunny surface of the greenhouse. The upper half and the back are tile-wood structures. The front slope is long and the back slope is short. The wall is short and the back wall is high. In the spring, summer and autumn, the film is semi-open after unmasking. The structure is simple, the cover film is easy, and the wind resistance, snow resistance and heat preservation performance are good. Generally, the farmer's pig house can be buckled after a slight modification, but The lighting surface is small. The second type is a double-slope warm shed, which is covered with thin film before and after the warm shed. It has a large lighting area, strict construction requirements, high construction cost, poor wind and heat insulation and pressure resistance, and the summer roof should be covered with shading material. It is suitable for large-scale pig farms. The third type is arched warm sheds, with large lighting areas and sheds, and high construction costs. It is suitable for large-scale pig farms that combine farming and breeding.
After the roof angle and sunlight are shining on the plastic film booth, part of it is absorbed by the film and some of it is reflected. The rest of the light will penetrate into the shed. The light transmittance depends on the size of the projection angle when the roof is perpendicular to the sunlight. The highest light transmittance. In practice, the latitude is 34°C to 35°C, and the roof angle should be 45°C to 50°C. That is, the higher the latitude, the larger the roof angle should be.
The light transmittance of plastic film and lighting plastic film varies greatly due to different raw materials and additives, as well as pollution, aging, and water droplet adhesion. It is generally believed that polyethylene films are preferred. The transmittance of long-wave radiation of this kind of film is obviously higher than that of polyvinyl chloride, and because polyvinyl chloride contains chlorine, it affects livestock and poultry. When the film is aged, the light transmittance is significantly reduced, and the old film is stained with water droplets and dust, which also greatly reduces the light transmittance. According to the determination, the temperature of the pighouse can be 2°C to 3°C higher than the ratio of the new membrane to the old membrane. The old film is cleaned and folded and stored well, which can effectively prevent the aging of the film and the decrease of the light transmittance. The non-drip film enables the dewdrop to form no dewdrop and forms a water film along the film wall, which can also reduce the light reflection loss and increase the light transmittance. Therefore, the plastic film thickness is about 10 silk.
Insulation and insulation
1. Insulation and insulation of walls and roofs Mono-pitched plastic membranes The greenhouse walls are generally constructed of brick walls. The insulation effect is better, ie, the walls are built on both sides of the east and west walls, and some small holes are left on the rear wall (for ventilation in summer). During the winter, the thieves' wind was strictly prohibited. Roof back slopes and upper slopes on the front slopes can also be tiled, tiled sawdust, straw, etc., plastic film on the lower half of the front slope. The top of plastic film is the place where heat is most likely to be lost during the night. It is necessary to tighten the seal tightly, and the film should be patched in time, covering the grass curtain at night. It has been determined that the temperature of the canopy cover at night and in the snow can be 3°C higher than the control room.
2. Ground insulation and insulation: Pigs move directly on the ground, and the insulation and insulation of the ground is very important. Some farmers and pig farms use hollow brick floors, while some farms in the northeast have plank beds directly, which works well. In the production practice, the cement floor is used. It is strong and durable, it does not collect water, and it is easy to clean. The sow house can be covered with planks or covered with grass in the sleeping place.
3. Insulation ratio S/W: The ratio of the floor area s in the shed to the surface area W of the shed film. That is, the smaller the insulation ratio, the lower the insulation capacity. Where the lighting surface is large, the effect of warming is significant, but at night and in rain and snow, it is easy to dissipate heat and it is difficult to keep warm. In practice, we use a small window type membrane shed, that is, a half-cover film on the sunny slope. The area of ​​the membrane surface is 1/2 to 1/3 of the floor area, so that the effect of warming and heat preservation is better.
4. Feeding density of livestock and poultry: The higher the pig's stocking density, the more heat will be distributed and the higher the temperature will be. Under normal circumstances, each pig house is suitable for raising 5 to 8 heads, raising 1 head every 2 to 2.5 square meters, each 12 to 15 square meters. The pig house is too small and the unit area is expensive and uneconomical. If the pig house is too big, the utilization rate of the pig house is low and it is not conducive to heat preservation. In large-scale pig farms, increasing the area of ​​individual rooms as needed and raising the stocking density can effectively reduce the cost per unit area, and it is also conducive to heat preservation.
5. Form and orientation of the greenhouse: The form and orientation of plastic greenhouses also have a great influence on the heat preservation. For example, a single slope, a long front slope, and a short south slope can prevent the cold wind from invading. The heat preservation effect is also good. it is good.
Ventilation and cooling
Ventilation, ventilation, and dehumidification are the means of controlling the environment of the greenhouse. The purpose is to introduce fresh air in the case of closed greenhouses, to exclude turbid air such as carbon dioxide and ammonia in the greenhouse, and to reduce the temperature and environmental pollution The high humidity. Its approach: First, proper ventilation, generally at noon, to open the plastic film on both sides of the east and west, ventilating surface size and ventilation time depending on the temperature difference between inside and outside, humidity and indoor air conditions to determine; second is the use of non-drip film, allowing The water vapor forming water film flows down the wall along the film wall, which can effectively reduce the humidity inside the house. Third, it increases the slope of the ground and emphasizes teaching, so as to position the pigs and urine, timely clean the excrement, and keep the house clean and dry; It is to change the water to dry or wet and dry materials to reduce unnecessary water intake. Measurement data shows that as long as the management keeps up, the humidity of the pig house can be maintained below 80%, and it is relatively stable, which will not cause discomfort to herds.
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