3D printing organ helps surgeons practice hands

3D printing has already had a lot of great applications in medicine, such as printing a meniscus for sheep and printing prosthetics for patients. A research team in the UK and Malaysia has tried to print out simulated skin, skull, brain and tumors in a variety of materials to help students safely practice some high-risk surgery.

In the United States, two Ph.D. students at the University of Michigan printed special organ splints for two children with excessively dynamic respiratory collapse (trache bronchial softening), which did not impede the development of children's tracheal muscles or allow them to The body produces any rejection and can help support the trachea.

But the other most widely used and simplest is to print a contoured organ model with a patient's CT scan image to help the surgeon better plan and prepare for surgery. The technology required for this process is not complicated, as a couple in California does.

In August 2013, psychotherapist Pemela suddenly felt a headache after removing the thyroid gland for a few months. She made a magnetic resonance scan at the strong request of her husband Balzer and found a three-centimeter tumor behind her left eye. At first they went to the hospital. Doctors thought that this situation is very common among women and can be reviewed once a year.

But previous experience in removing thyroid surgery told them that they should look for cutting-edge technology to solve the problem. At that time, a typical thyroidectomy procedure was cut from the throat, which would have a very uncomfortable long-term recovery phase. Later, they found a machine head and neck surgery center at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, which accurately performed the surgery with a smaller robotic arm than the human arm. The patient's pain was much less.

A few months later, Pemela made another magnetic resonance scan, and the radiologist told her that the tumor had grown older. Balzer, a 3D model design, scanning and printing company, compared the two images into Photoshop and found that it was a misdiagnosis. It should be due to a measurement point error. In fact, the tumor size did not change. This misdiagnosis made Balzer collapse, and he decided to go one step further and turn the scan results into a 3D model to visually and accurately observe Pemela's condition.

He downloaded a free software called InVesalius from a research center in Brazil to convert MRI and CT scan data into 3D images. He then uploaded the model to Sketchfab and shared it with a neurosurgeon across the country asking if there was a new treatment. Sure enough, this time it was the surgical center where Pemela removed the thyroid gland. A neurologist agreed to try to open an incision from her left eye and perform a surgery with a micro drill. With the help of the 3D model, the doctor adjusted the surgical plan. After eight hours of surgery, 95% of the tumors were successfully removed. After three weeks, Pemela began to work normally.

In fact, generating 3D images can be done with ultrasound scanning, even without magnetic resonance scanning. If you upload these images to the cloud, you can share them with doctors around the world. A startup called Butterfly Network is already doing related equipment and cloud services, and in November 2014 it received $100 million in financing. The services they provide include automatic diagnosis, such as cleft palate in newborns, and they have the ability to learn.

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