Orchard sowing is an advanced, practical, and efficient method of soil management, that is, artificially growing grass or natural grasses in grass or fruit trees in the orchard. It can improve the soil, increase soil organic matter content, improve soil fertility; maintain soil moisture, save water, avoid cultivating, improve orchard ecological environment, improve fruit tree yield and fruit quality, is a simple, easy to learn, effective and practical advanced technology. Liu Helin, a fruit farmer in Houluozhuang Village, Gudai County, Weixian County, planted 5 mu of Yali pear trees and began to promote natural orchard technology in orchards from 2010. Last year, he produced more than ten thousand kilograms of mu per mu, and the income per mu was 17,000 yuan. The records of high yield of pear trees provided a model for the promotion of large-scale cultivation of orchard grass. He believes that the orchard has the following benefits:
First, improve the soil, increase soil organic matter, improve the structure of the soil pellets, and improve fertility.
Orchard sowing grass to plow the grass in the soil or covered in the rows of fruit trees, mowing for three or four years a year, a large number of grass rot to improve the soil physical properties, 0-20 cm soil layer increased organic matter content. The soil with an organic matter content of 19.34 g/kg has loose and fragile soil, good ventilation, and good water permeability. It improves the soil compaction caused by long-term application of chemical fertilizers, is conducive to the propagation of earthworms and beneficial microorganisms, improves the soil pellet structure, and improves soil fertility. . According to the survey, there are more than 100 pieces of rice per square meter, which is more than 30 times higher than that of the ploughed orchard. Moreover, grasses release carbon dioxide during decomposition and decomposition, promote photosynthesis of leaves, and increase dry matter accumulation.
Second, reduce water evaporation, maintain soil moisture, save water.
The ground is covered with green grass or brushed hay, which reduces the evaporation of water in the orchards. The soil moisture content is 1-3 percentage points higher than that of the ploughed orchard, and at least 2 water per acre is used throughout the year, saving 120 cubic meters of water.
Third, adjust the ground temperature, create a good climate, and extend the fruit tree root activity time.
Orchard growing grass can increase the temperature of the ground in spring, and promote the root system to enter the growth period 10-15 days earlier than the Qing Geng orchard. During the hot summer season, the surface temperature is lowered by 5°C-7°C to allow the root system to thrive at a suitable temperature. After entering late autumn, increasing the soil temperature by 1°C-2°C can prolong the active period of root activity by 15-20 days, which has a good effect on increasing the nutrients stored in the tree and enriching flower buds. In winter, the thickness of permafrost layer can be reduced to reduce and prevent freezing damage in the root system.
Fourth, optimize the orchard's ecological environment, provide habitats for natural enemies of pests, protect natural enemy populations of pests, and increase the number of natural enemies.
The suitable temperature and humidity in the orchard orchard is good, and the ecological line is good, which is beneficial to the survival and breeding of natural enemies of pests. The beneficial insects such as ladybugs, grasshoppers and grasshoppers are increased by about 60% compared with the Qinggeng Orchard. Some pests live in the grass and do not damage the trees, such as snails, which greatly reduce the incidence of pests and the degree of damage, reducing the amount of medication and spraying times.
Fifth, to avoid cultivating, reduce production costs and reduce labor intensity.
In the orchard, weeds do not use cultivators for weeding and weeding, which saves 10% of the labor cost compared with the QingGeng Orchard. This item alone can reduce the expenditure by RMB 100-120 per mu.
Six, improve fruit tree production and fruit quality.
Soddy orchard has a good ecological environment, which is conducive to the development of fruit production potential. The fruit set rate is increased by 6%-10%, the fruit shape is correct, the single fruit weight is increased by 2%-3%, the commodity fruit rate is 98%, and the yield per mu is 7%-10. %. The humidity in the orchard and the temperature difference between day and night increase, the color of the fruit increases, the color is bright, and the sugar is contained.
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